Англосаксонская руническая поэма

Feoh biþ frófor · fira gehwilcum;
sceal þéah mann gehwilc · miclan hit dælan
gif hé wille for dryhtne · dómes hléotan.
Money is a help · to everyone,
Though every man should · deal it our freely,
If they wish before the Lord · to cast doom's lots.
Úr biþ ánmód · ond oferhyrned,
felafrécne déor · feohteþ mid hornum
mære mórstapa · þæt is módig wiht.
Aurochs is savage · and greatly horned,
A very fierce beast · it fights with its horns,
A well known walker of the moors · that is a bold spirit.
Þorn biþ þearle scearp · þegna gehwilcum
onfeng is yfel · ungemetum réþe
manna gehwilcum · þe him mid reste.
Thorn is very sharp · for every thane
Who grabs it, it is evil · and immeasurably cruel
For every man · that with it rests.
Ós biþ ordfurma · æfcre spræce,
wísdómes wraþu · ond wítena frófor,
ond eorla gehwám · éadnes on tóhiht.
One of the Aesir is the primal source · of all speech
Wisdom's support · and wiseman's help
And every earl's · riches and happiness.
Rád biþ on recede · rinca gehwilcum
séfte ond swiþhwæt · þám þe sitteþ on ufan
meare mægenheardum · ofer mílpaþas.
Ride is in the hall · to every warrior
Soft, and mighty hard · to him that sits upon
strong mare · over miles of paths.
Cén biþ cwicera gehwám, · cúþ on fýre
blác ond beorhtlic, · bierneþ oftost
þær híe æþelingas · inne restaþ.
Torch is to all of the quick (i.e., "living") · known by its fire
Shining and bright · burns it oftest
Where the nobles · rest inside.
Giefu gumena biþ · gleng ond herenes,
wráþu ond weorþscipe · ond wræcne gehwám
ár ond ætwist, · þe biþ óþre léas.
Gift is to men · glee and praise
Support and worship (worthiness) · and to every wretch
Honor and sustenance · that they would otherwise be left without
Wynn brúceþ · þe can wana lýt
sáres ond sorge · ond him selfa hæfþ
blæd ond blisse · ond éac burga genyht.
Joy one uses and enjoys · that knows little (of) want
Sores and sorrows · and himself has
prosperity and bliss · and fortress enough
Hagol biþ hwítost corna; · hwyrft hit of heofones lyfte,
wealcaþ hit windes scúra; · weorþeþ it tó wætere siþþan.
Hail is the whitest corn · it whirls from heaven's sky
Rolled by wind's showers · it worths (becomes)water then.
Nied biþ nearu on bréstan; · weorþeþ híe þeah oft níþa bearnum
tó helpe ond tó hælu gehwhæþre, · gif híe hlystaþ æror.
Need is narrow on the chest · though worths it oft to men's children
To help and heal however · if they listen to it early.
Ís biþ oferceald, · ungemetum slidor,
glisnaþ glæshlútor · gimmum gelícost,
flór forste geworht, · fæger ansíene.
Ice is overly cold · immeasurably slick
It glistens like bright glass · most like gem
A floor wrought of frost · is a fair sight.
Géar biþ gumena hiht, · þonne God læteþ
hálig heofones cyning, · hrúsan sellan
beorhte bléda · beornum ond þearfum.
Year is man's hope · if
God lets, Holy heaven's king, · the Earth sell (i.e. "give")
Bright fruits, · to nobles and needy.
Éoh biþ útan · unsméþe tréow,
heard hrúsan fæst, · hierde fyres,
wyrtruman underwreþed, · wynn on éþle.
Yew is outwardly · an unsmooth tree
Held hard, earthfast · fire's guardian
Roots twist underneath · a joy on the estate.
Peorþ biþ simble · plega ond hleahtor
wlancum [. . .] · þær wigan sittaþ
on béorsele · blíþe ætsamne.
Peordh (tafl man?) is always · play and laughter
Amongst bold men · where warriors sit
In the beer hall · happy together.
Eolh-secg eard hæfþ · oftost on fenne
weaxe on wætere, · wundaþ grimne,
blóde berneþ · beorna gehwilcne
þe him ænigne · onfeng gedéþ.
Elk sedge grass has a home · oftest in the marsh
It waxes in water · it wounds grim
And burns with blood · any man that in any way · dares grab it.
Sigel sæmannum · simble biþ on hihte,
þonne híe hine fériaþ · ofer fisces bæþ,
oþ híe brimhengest · bringeþ tó lande.
Sun by seamen · always is hoped for
When they fare hence · over fish's bath ("ocean")
Until the sea steed ("ship") · they bring to land.
Tír biþ tána sum · healdeþ tréowa wel
wiþ æþelingas · á biþ on færelde
ofer nihta genipu, · næfre swíceþ.
Tir (Glory)* is some token · it holds troth well
With nobles · aye it is on course
Over night's mists · it never wanders or deceive.
*alternative name Tiw (the god Tyr)
Beorc biþ bléda léas, · bereþ efne swá þéah
tánas bútan túdor · biþ on telgum wlitig,
héah on helme · hyrsted fægere,
gehlóden léafum, · lyfte getenge.
Birch is shootless · it bears even so
Twigs without fruit · it has shining branches
High in its crown · fair adorned
Loaded with leaves · it touches the sky.
Eh biþ for eorlum · æþelinga wynn,
hors hófum wlanc, · þær him hæleþ ymbe
welige on wicgum · wrixlaþ spræce
ond biþ unstillum · æfre frófor.
Horse is for earls · an noble's pleasure,
A horse's hooves are bold · when around it heroes
Wealthy on war horses · exchange speech
And is for the restless · is ever a help.
Mann biþ on myrgþe · his mágan léof:
sceal þéah ánre gehwilc · óþrum swícan,
forþam dryhten wille · dóme síne
þæt earme flæsc · eorþan betæcan.
Man is in mirth · his kinsmen's dear,
Though each shall · others deceive
When the Lord wishes · in his doom
That poor flesh · be committed to the earth.
Lagu biþ léodum · langsum geþúht,
gif híe sculon néþan · on nacan tealtum
ond híe sæyþa · swíþe brégaþ
ond sé brimhengest · brídels ne giemeþ.
Sea is to people · thought long
If they should go thence · on a shaky ship
And the sea waves · strongly terrify
And the sea steed (ship) · obeys not its bridles.
Ing was ærest · mid East Denum
gesewen secgum · oþ hé siþþan eft
ofer wæg gewát; · wægn æfter ran;
þus heardingas · þone hæle nemdon.
Ing was first · among the East Danes
Seen by men · but he since went eft (back)
Over the wet way · his wain (wagon) ran after
Thus the Heardings · named the hero
Dæg biþ dryhtnes sond, · déore mannum,
mære metodes léoht, · myrgþ ond tóhiht
éadgum ond earmum · eallum bryce.
Day is the Lord's messenger · dear to man
The Measurer's great light · mirth and hope
To rich and poor · for all to use or enjoy.
Éþel biþ oferléof · æghwilcum men,
gif hé mót þær rihtes · ond gersine on
brúcan on bolde · blædum oftost.
Estate is very dear · to every man And enjoy in his house - increase.
If he may straight away · keep what's fit
And enjoy in his house · increase often.
Ác biþ on eorþan · ielda bearnum
flæsces fódder · féreþ gelóme
ofer ganotes bæþ · gársecg fandaþ
hwæþer ác hæbbe · æþele tréowe.
Oak is on earth · for sons of men
Food for the flesh · It fares often
Over whale's bath (sea) · The sea finds
Whether oak has · nobile faith
Æsc biþ oferheah · ieldum déore
stíþ on stapole · stede rihte hielt
þéah him feohtan on · fíras manige.
Ash is very tall · dear to men,
Resolute in stability · It holds the right place
Though it fights off · many men.
Ýr biþ æþelinga · ond eorla ghwæs
wynn ond weorþmynd · biþ on wicge fæger
fæstlíc on færelde · fyrdgeatewa sum.
Bow is to nobles · and men alike
Joy and worthiness · it is fair on a horse
Steadfast on a journey · It is a piece of war gear.
Íor biþ éafisc · ond þéah á brúceþ
fódres on foldan · hæfþ fægere eard
wætre beworpen · þær hé wynnum léofeþ.
Serpent is a river fish · and though it always uses
Food on earth · it has a fair home
Surrounded by water · where it lives in happiness.
Éar biþ egle · eorla gehwilcum
þonne fæstlice · flæsce onginneþ
hræw tó cólian · hrúsan ceosan
blác to gebeddan · blédan gedréosaþ
wynna gewítaþ · wera geswícaþ.
The grave is hideous · to every man
When steadily · the flesh begins
The body cools · and chooses the earth black
To bed with · Fruits fall
Joys pass away · truths are broken

Другой вариант перевода

Wealth is a comfort to all men;
yet must every man bestow it freely,
if he wish to gain honour in the sight of the Lord.
The aurochs is proud and has great horns;
it is a very savage beast and fights with its horns;
a great ranger of the moors, it is a creature of mettle.
The thorn is exceedingly sharp,
an evil thing for any knight to touch,
uncommonly severe on all who sit among them.
The mouth is the source of all language,
a pillar of wisdom and a comfort to wise men,
a blessing and a joy to every knight.
Riding seems easy to every warrior while he is indoors
and very courageous to him who traverses the high-roads
on the back of a stout horse.
The torch is known to every living man by its pale, bright flame;
it always burns where princes sit within.
Generosity brings credit and honour, which support one's dignity;
it furnishes help and subsistence
to all broken men who are devoid of aught else.
Bliss he enjoys who knows not suffering, sorrow nor anxiety,
and has prosperity and happiness and a good enough house.
Hail is the whitest of grain;
it is whirled from the vault of heaven
and is tossed about by gusts of wind
and then it melts into water.
Trouble is oppressive to the heart;
yet often it proves a source of help and salvation
to the children of men, to everyone who heeds it betimes.
Ice is very cold and immeasurably slippery;
it glistens as clear as glass and most like to gems;
it is a floor wrought by the frost, fair to look upon.
Summer is a joy to men, when God, the holy King of Heaven,
suffers the earth to bring forth shining fruits
for rich and poor alike.
The yew is a tree with rough bark,
hard and fast in the earth, supported by its roots,
a guardian of flame and a joy upon an estate.
Peorth is a source of recreation and amusement to the great,
where warriors sit blithely together in the banqueting-hall.
The Eolh-sedge is mostly to be found in a marsh;
it grows in the water and makes a ghastly wound,
covering with blood every warrior who touches it.
The sun is ever a joy in the hopes of seafarers
when they journey away over the fishes' bath,
until the courser of the deep bears them to land.
Tiw is a guiding star; well does it keep faith with princes;
it is ever on its course over the mists of night and never fails.
The poplar bears no fruit; yet without seed it brings forth suckers,
for it is generated from its leaves.
Splendid are its branches and gloriously adorned
its lofty crown which reaches to the skies.
The horse is a joy to princes in the presence of warriors.
A steed in the pride of its hoofs,
when rich men on horseback bandy words about it;
and it is ever a source of comfort to the restless.
The joyous man is dear to his kinsmen;
yet every man is doomed to fail his fellow,
since the Lord by his decree will commit the vile carrion to the earth.
The ocean seems interminable to men,
if they venture on the rolling bark
and the waves of the sea terrify them
and the courser of the deep heed not its bridle.
Ing was first seen by men among the East-Danes,
till, followed by his chariot,
he departed eastwards over the waves.
So the Heardingas named the hero.
An estate is very dear to every man,
if he can enjoy there in his house
whatever is right and proper in constant prosperity.
Day, the glorious light of the Creator, is sent by the Lord;
it is beloved of men, a source of hope and happiness to rich and poor,
and of service to all.
The oak fattens the flesh of pigs for the children of men.
Often it traverses the gannet's bath,
and the ocean proves whether the oak keeps faith
in honourable fashion.
The ash is exceedingly high and precious to men.
With its sturdy trunk it offers a stubborn resistance,
though attacked by many a man.
Yr is a source of joy and honour to every prince and knight;
it looks well on a horse and is a reliable equipment for a journey.
Iar is a river fish and yet it always feeds on land;
it has a fair abode encompassed by water, where it lives in happiness.
The grave is horrible to every knight,
when the corpse quickly begins to cool
and is laid in the bosom of the dark earth.
Prosperity declines, happiness passes away
and covenants are broken.

Русский перевод

feohБогатство — удобство, которым человек должен уметь наделять других, если он хочет заслужить почёт среди богов.
urЯростный огромный рогатый зубр, попирающий копытами вересковый покров земли.
thornОчень острый шип, до которого больно дотрагиваться.
osУста — источник языка и Всей мудрости.
radПутешествие воина, за которым легко наблюдать, но которое трудно совершить самому.
cenЯркое пламя факела, освещающее королевский замок.
gyfuДар, врученный нуждающемуся, приносит доверие, почёт и достоинство.
wynnРадость, не знающая страдания, сожаления или беспокойства.
haeglГрад — самое белое зерно, сыплющееся с неба, разносимое ветром и порождающее воду, когда тает.
nydЛишения, которые угнетают сердце, но и служат источником спасения для тех, кто понимает их ценность.
isОчень холодный и скользкий лёд, прозрачный, как стекло, и похожий на драгоценный камень.
gerВ пору урожая земля производит плоды и для богатых, и для бедных.
eohТис с грубой корой и крепкими корнями — страж огня.
peordhИгроки за шахматной доской — источник отдыха и развлечения (и посвящения) для воинов.
eolhОсока, болотное растение, которое режет до крови всякого, кто прикасается к ней.
sigelСолнце, которое указывает путь всем рыбакам с моря назад на берег.
tirПланета Марс (или полярная Звезда) как путеводная звезда, которая никогда не сбивается с курса в туманах ночи.
beorcБерёза, не дающая плодов, но размножающаяся семенами в листьях, ветви которой образуют небесную корону.
ehВоинский конь, чья гордость в копытах, радость для человека.
mannЧеловек, который дорог своей родине, но которому суждена могила.
laguБесконечные глубины моря, неукротимые волны которого устрашают всех путешествующих по нему.
ingГерой-вождь Инг из датской королевской семьи, продвигавшийся на восток.
ethelДом, источник всего благополучия и счастья для человека.
daegСлавный свет дня, дающий надежду всем.
acСвященный дуб, дающий корм для свиней и благородную древесину для кораблей.
aescЯсень, из которого сделан щит, защищающий человека от нападений.
yrТопор (или лук и стрелы), надёжное оружие для всадника.
iorБобёр, который охотится на берегу, а обитает в речных водах.
earМогила, ужасная для каждого воина, ложе из холодного праха земли, конец всему.
cweord(Меч, Защита)
calc(Чаша, Яд)
stan(Камень, Структура)
gar(Копьё Одина, Мировая ось)

© Русский перевод прислан Syksy Sankojarvi

© Русский перевод взят из книги Edred Thorsson, 1992, издательство «София», Киев, 1997.

Copyright © Tim Stridmann