H

hadda, f. pot-hook, pot-handle.

hadd-bjartr, a. light-haired, = bjart-haddaðr; -blik, n. bleaching the hair.

haddr (-s, -ar), m. a lady’s hair.

haðna, f. a young she-goat.

haf, n. the sea, esp. the high sea, ocean; sigla (láta) í h., sigla á h. út, to put to sea; hann dó í hafi, he died at sea.

haf, n. lifting (úlíkligr til hafs).

hafa (hefi; hafða, höfðum; hafðr), v. (1) to have (þeir höfðu sjau skip ok flest stór); h. elda, to keep up a five; (2) to hold, celebrate (h. vinaboð, blót, þing); (3) to keep, retain (rifu þær vefinn í sundr, ok hafði hverr þat er hélt á); (4) to use (tvau net eru rý, ok hafa eigi höfð verit); orð þau sem hann hafði um haft, which he had made use of; h. fagrmæli við e-n, to flatter one; h. hljóðmæli við e-n, to speak secretly to one; h. tvimæli á e-u, to speak doubtfully of a thing; h. viðrmæli um e-t, to use mocking words; hann var mjök hafðr við mál manna, much used to, versed in, lawsuits; (5) to have, hold, maintain; h. vináttu við e-n, to maintain friendship with one; h. hættumikit, to run a great risk; h. heilindi, to have good health; (6) to bring, carry; h. e-n heim með sér, to bring one home; hann hafði lög, út hingat ór Noregi, he brought laws hither from Norway; h. sik (to betake oneself) til annara landa; (7) to take, carry off; troll hafi þik, the trolls take thee; (8) to get, gain, win; hann hafði eigi svefn, he got no sleep; hefir sá jafnan, er hættir, he wins that ventures; h. gagn, sigr, to gain victor; h. meira hlut, to get the upper hand, gain the day; h. betr (verr), to get the better (worse) of it; h. sitt mál, to win one’s suit; h. tafl, to win the game; h. erendi, to do one’s errand, succeed; h. bana, to suffer death, to die; h. sigr, to be worsted; h. góðar viðtökur, to be well received; h. tíðindi af e-m, to get tidings of, or from, one; h. sœmd, óvirðing af e-m, to get honour, disgrace from one; with gen., h. e-s ekki, to fail to catch one (hann kemst á skóg undan, ok höfðu þeir hans ekki); ekki munu vér hans h. at sinni, we shall not catch him at present; (9) to wear carry (clothes, weapons); hann hafði blán kyrtil, he wore a blue kirtle; h. kylfu í hendi sér, to have a club in one’s hand; (10) to behave, do, or fare, so an so esp. with an adv.; h. vel, illa, vetr, to behave (do) well, badly, be worse; hafa sik vel, to behave; hafa vel, to be well off or happy; h. hart, to be in a wretched plight; (11) with infin., h. at varðveita, to have in keeping at selja, to have on sale; lög hafið þér at mæla, you are right; (12) h. e-n nær e-u, to expose one to (þú hafðir svá nær haft oss úfœru); h. nær e-u, to come near to, esp. impers.; nær hafði okkr nú, it was a narrow escape; svá nær hafði hausinum, at, the shot so nearly touched the head, that; ok er nær hafði, skipit mundi fljóta, when the ship was on the point of flloating; (13) as an auxiliary verb, in the earliest time with the pp. of transitive verbs in acc.; hefir þú hamar um fólginn, hast thou hidden the hammer?; ek hefi sendan mann, I have sent a man; later with indecl. neut. pp.; hefir þú eigi sét mik, hast thou not seen me?; (14) with preps.; h. e-t at, to do, act; hann tók af þér konuna, en þú hafðir ekki at, but thou didst not stir, didst take it tamely; absol., viltu þess freista, ok vita hvat at hafi, wilt thou try and see what happens?; h. e-t at hlífiskildi (skotspœni), to use as a shield (as a target); h. e-n háði, hlátri, to mock, laugh at; h. e-t at engu, vettugi, to hold for naught, take no notice of; h. sakir á e-n have charges against one; h. á rás, to take to one’s heels, run off; h. e-t eptir, to do or repeat a thing after one; h. e-t fram, to produce (vápn þorgils vóru fram höfð); to carry out, hold forth; h. mál fram, to proceed with a suit; var um búit, ekki fram haft, all was made ready but nothing done; h. e-t frammi, í frammi, to use, make use of (h. í frammi kúgan); ok öll lögmæt skil frammi hafa, and discharge all on official duties; h. e-t fyrir satt, to hold for true; eigi em ek þar fyrir sönnu hafðr, I am not truly aimed for that, it is a false charge; h. e-n fyrir sökum um e-t, to charge one with; h. í hótum við e-n, to threaten one; h. e-t með höndum, to have in hand; höfum eiai sigrinn ór hendi, let not victory slip out of our hands; h. ór við e-n, to behave so and so towards one (hefir þú illa ór haft við mik); h. e-t til e-s to use for (höfðu þeir til varnar skot ok spjót); to be a reason or ground for; vér hyggjum þat til þess haft vera, at þar hafi menn sézt, we believe the foundation of the story is that men have been seen there; h. mikit (lítit) til síns máls, to have much (little) in support of one’s case; h. e-t til, to have at hand, possess; orð þau, sem hann hafði um haft, the words which he had used; keisari hafði fátt um, did not say much; h. e-n undir, to get one under, subdue one; h. e-t uppi, to take (heave) up (h. uppi fœri, net); Skarpheðinn hafði uppi øxina, S. heaved up the axe; h. flokk uppi, to raise a party, to rebel; h. uppi tafl, to play at a game; h. e-n uppi, to bring one to light; h. uppi rœður, to begin a discussion; h. e-t úti, to have done, finished (h. úti sitt dagsverk); h. við e-m, to be a match for one; h. sik við, to exert oneself; h. mikit (lítit) við, to make a great (little) display; hann söng messu ok bafði mikit við, and made much of it; hann bad jarl leita, bann hafði lítit við þat, he did it lightly; haf ekki slíkt við, do not say so; haf þú lítit við at eggja sonu þina, refrain from egging on thy sons; (15) refl., hafast, to dwell, abide; þeir höfðust mjök í ferðum, they spent much of their life in travelling; hafast vel, to do well, thrive (vaxa ok vel h.); h. at, to do; Lambi sá hvat Steinarr hafðist at, what he was doing; h. við, to dwell, stay (hér mun ek við hafast); h. vel við, to bear oneself well up; h. orð við, to speak to one another.

hafandi, pr. p. being with child.

haf-bára, f. wave; -fugl, m. sea-bird; -fœrandi, pr. p. sea-going, sea-worthy; -gerðingr, f. pl. tremendous waves; -gjálfr, n. roar of the sea; -gola, f. sea-breeze; -gufa, f. mermaid; -hallt, adv. standing seawards; -hrútr, m. sea-ram; -íss, m. drift ice; -kaldr, a. cold as the sea; -leið, f. standing seawards; stefna -leið, to stand seawards; -leiðis, adv. seawards; -ligr, a. marine.

hafna (), v. to forsake, abandon, with dat. (h. fornum sið, blótum ok heiðnum góðum); kýr hafnaði átinu, the cow left off eating.

hafnan, f. abandonment, forsaking (h. heimsins, veraldar).

hafnar-dyrr, f. pl. entrance of a haven (höfn).

hafnar-feldr, m. a shaggy cloak for everyday use.

hafnar-mark, n. harbour mark; -merki, n. harbour mark; -tollr, m. harbour toll.

hafnar-vaðmál, -váð, n. plain stuff.

hafn-borg, f. sea borough, sea-port.

haf-nest, n. provisions for a voyage.

hafn-leysa, f. harbourless coast; -leysi, n. harbourless coast; -ligr, a. harbour-like.

hafr (-rs, -rar), m. he-goat, buck.

hafr-belgr, m. = -staka.

haf-rek, m. wreck, jetsam; -reka, a., -rekinn, pp. tossed or driven about on the sea.

hafr-staka, f. goat’s skin.

haf-rœðr, a. sea-worthy (hafrœðr sexæringr).

hafs-botn, m. gulf (firðir ok hafsbotnar); -geil, f. sea-lane.

haf-skip, n. a sea-going ship; -skrimsl, n. sea-monster.

hafs-megin, n. the main, high sea.

haf-stormr, m. storm at sea; -strambr, m. fabulous sea-monster.

haft, n. (1) bond, chain; esp. pl., höft, fetters; sitja í höftum, to be in fetters; halda e-n í höftum, to keep one in bonds; (2) pl., höft, gods.

hafta, f. female prisoner, bondwoman (h. ok hernuma).

haftr, m. male prisoner, bondman.

haf-tyrðill, m. little auk; -velktr, pp. sea-tossed; -viðri, sea-breeze; -villa, f. loss of one’s course at sea; -villr, a. having lost one’s course at sea.

haga (), v. (1) to manage, arrange, with dat. (svá skulu vér h. inngöngu vorri); fénu var hagat til gæzlu, the money was taken into keeping; with adv., hvernig skulum vér þá til h., how shall we arrange it; h. svá til, at, to arrange or contrive it so that; h. e-m til e-s, to turn out so and so for one (þat hagaði Ólafi til mikils harms); (2) to suit, be suitable (skip með þeim farmi, sem ek veit vel hagar til Íslands).

haga-beit, f. grazing; -garðr, m. fence round a pasture-field.

hag-fastr, a. grazing constantly on the same pasture; -fátt, a. n. short of grazing (málnytu verðr hag-fátt).

hag-feldr, a. meet, fit, suitable (ek mun þér h.; hagfelt erindi).

hagi, m. pasture, field for grazing; var hestum h. fenginn, the horses were put out to grass.

hag-jörð, f. pasture land.

hag-keypi, n. good bargain.

hagl, n. hail; -hrið, f. hail-storm.

hag-leikr, m. skill in handicraft.

hagleiks-gørð, f. fine workmanship; -maðr, m. handicraftsman, artist.

hag-liga, adv. skilfully, handily, neatly; -ligr, a. (1) skilful, handy, neat; (2) fit, proper, convenient.

hagl-korn, n. hailstone; -steinn, m. hailstone; -vindr, m. hail-storm.

hag-mýrr, f. pasture, marsh.

hag-mæltr, a. well-spoken.

hagna (), v. to be meet for one; hvárum ykkrum hefir betr hagnat, which of you has had the best luck?

hagnaðr (gen. -ar), m. advantage.

hag-nýta (-tta, -ttr), v. to make use of, have profit of.

hagr, a. handy, skilful (h. maðr á tré ok járn).

hagr (-s, -ir), m. (1) state, condition, affairs (hvat er nú um hagi þína?); (2) means (ef hann hefir eigi hag til at fœra þau fram); (3) favour, advantage; í hag e-m, to one’s advantage at högum, suitably.

hag-ráð, n. opportunity; -ráðr, a. giving wise counsel; -ræða (-rædda, -rætt), v. to put right (fyrir sér); -ræði, n. service (gera e-m hagræði); -skeytr, a. a good shot; -skipti, n. fair bargain.

hags-munir, m. pl. profit, advantage.

hag-spakligr, a. practical, wise; -speki, f. forethought, good sense; -stœðr, a. fair, favourable (-stœðr byrr); -tœkr, a. practical; -þorn, -þyrnir, m. hawthorn.

haka (gen. höku), f. chin.

hala-broddr, m. point of a tail; -ferð, f. the rear; -langr, a. long-tailed; -tafl, n. a kind of game.

hald, n. (1) hold, fastening; (2) keeping in repair (fyrir h. kirkju); (3) support, backing (hann hefir nú h. mikit af konungi); h. ok traust, help and support in need; koma e-m at haldi, í hald, to be of use or help to one; hér kemr illa í h., it does little good; (4) custody (Ólafr konungr tók þá við haldi Hræreks konungs); (5) esteem (vera með e-m í góðu haldi); (6) keeping, observance (cf. jóla-hald, drottinsdaga hald).

halda (held; hélt, héldum; haldinn), v. I. with dat. (1) to hold fast (Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr); to keep back, restrain (Hrafn fekk eigi haldit henni heima); (2) to withhold (héldu bœndrgjaldinu); (3) to keep, retain (þú skalt jafhan þessu sæti h.); to preserve (h. virðingu sinni, lífi ok limum); h. vöku sinni, to keep oneself awake; (4) to hold, keep one’s stock; also ellipt. (vetr var illr ok héldu menn illa); (5) phrases, h. njósnum, to keep watch, to spy (= h. njósnum til um e-t); h. (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold (the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes; h. hendi yfir e-m, to protect one; (6) to hold, stand, steer, ellipt., þeir héldu aptr (held back again) um haustit; þeir héldu út eptir fírði, they stood out the firth; h. heim, to steer homewards; (7) to graze, put in the field (h. fé til haga); (8) impers. to continue, last (hélt því lengi um vetrinn); II. with acc. (1) to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate (þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum); (2) to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday (í hvers minning heldr þú þenna. dag?); (3) to keep (h. orð sín, eið, sættir, frið); to observe (h. guðs lög ok landsins); (4) to uphold, maintain, support (h. vini sína, h. e-n til ríkis); (5) h. sik, to comport oneself (kunna h. sik með hófi); h. sik ríkmannliga, to fare sumptuously; h. sik aptr af e-u, to abstain from; (6) to hold, consider, deem (hón hélt engan hans jafningja); (7) to hold, keep up; h. varnir, to keep up a defence; h. vörð, to keep watch; (8) to hold, compel, bind (heldr mik þá ekki til útanferðar); þó heldr þik várkunn til at leita á, thou hast some excuse for trying; III. with preps., h. á e-u, to hold, wield in the hand (h. á sverði); to hold to a thing, go on with it, be busy about (h. á drykkju, á ferð sinni, á sýslu); h. e-t af e-m, to hold (land, office) from or of one (þeir er höfðu haldið land af Danakonungi); h. mikit af e-m, to make much of one; h. eptir e-m, to pursue one; h. e-u eptir, to keep back; h. sik frá e-u, to keep oneself back from, refrain from; h. e-u fram, to uphold, support; h. e-u fyrir e-u, to withhold from one; to protect against (héldu engar grindr fénu fyrir birninum); h. e-n fyrir e-t, to hold, consider one to be so and so (síðan hélt konungr Erling fyrir tryggvan vin); h. í e-t, to hold fast, grasp (þú skalt h. í hurðarhringinn); h. til e-s, to be the cause of, be conducive to; heldr þar margt til þess, there are many reasons for this; hélt til þess (conduced to it) góðgirni hans; h. til e-s, to be bent on, fond of (h. mjök til skarts, til gleði); h. til jafns við e-n, to bear up against one, to be a match for one; h. um e-t, to grasp with the hand (= h. hendi um e-t); h. barni undir skírn, to hold at baptism; h. e-u upp, to hold aloft, lift (h. upp höndum); h. upp árum, to hold up the oars, cease pulling; to uphold, maintain, support (h. upp hofum, kristninni); to keep going (h. upp bardaga); to discharge (h. upp kostnaði, bótum); h. upp bœnum fyrir e-m, to pray for one; h. e-u við, to maintain a thing; h. við e-m, to stand against (hvar sem harm kom fram, hélt ekki við honum); impers. to be on the point of; hélt þá við atgöngu (acc.), they were near coming to fight; heldr nú við hót, it is little short of threats; IV. refl., haldast, to hold oneself, stay (mátti hann eigi þar h.); to hold out, continue, last (hélzt vinátta með þeim); to be kept safe and sound; menn allir héldust (all hands were saved) ok svá fé; to be valid, stand (engi má h. dómr hans); h. á, to pull one against another, wrestle, fight; impers., e-m helzt vel (illa) á e-u, one has good (bad) luck with a thing (mér helzt lítt á sauðamönnum); h. við, to stay, remain; h. við e-m, to resist, make a stand against one (hélzt þá ekki við honum).

hald-góðr, a. lasting, durable.

haldinn, pp. (1) in such and such a state; vel h., in good condition, well to do, doing well; þungliga h., very ill; (2) satisfied with (Hrani sagðist ekki af því h. vera); (3) heilu ok höldnu, safely, safe and sound.

haldin-orðr, a. discreet, close; -yrði, n. discreetness.

hald-kvæmast (d), v. refl. to avail, be of use to (-kvæmast e-m).

hald-kvæmd, f. convenience, comfort; -kvæmiligr, a. convenient; -kvæmr, a. convenient, useful; -samr, a. holding close; vera -samr á e-u, to keep it close; -semi, f. (1) fast holding; (2) closeness, stinginess.

hali, m. tail; leika (veifast um) lausum hala, to play with a loose tail, to be unrestrained; bera brattan halann, to cock up the tail, to be proud; draga eptir sér halann, to drag the tail, to play the coward.

halla (), v. (1) to incline or turn sideways, with dat. (h. keri, skipi); (2) to sway to the wrong side (= h. til um. e-t); h. sögu, to give an unfair report; h. nökkurum orðum til, to let fall a few words; h. eptir e-m, to be biassed in one’s favour; h. sér, to lean with one’s body; impers. to lie over, with dat. (hallaði honum svá, at sjór féll inn á annat borð); sólu hallar, the sun sinks; vetri hallar, the winter is declining; tafli hallar á e-n, the game turns against one; (3) to slope (hann skildi eigi fyrr við þá en hallaði af norðr); (4) refl., hallast, to lean with the body; to lie over (þá tók mjök at h. Ormrinn); á þá hallaðist bardaginn, the battle turned against them; h. eptir e-u, to sway towards a thing.

hallar-búnaðr, -búningr, m. hangings of a hall; -dyrr, f. pl. door of a hall; -gólf, n. floor of a hall; -veggr, m. wall of a hall.

hall-lendi, n. slope, declivity; -lendr, a. sloping; -mæla (-ta, -t), v. to speak ill of one (-mæla e-m); -mæli, n. pl. blame, reproof; -oki, a., fara, verða halloki fyrir e-m, to be overcome, defeated.

hallr, a. (1) leaning to one side, lying over, sloping (vóru jakarnir hallir mjök út af skerinu); bera hallt höfuðit, to carry the head on one side; standa höllum fœti, to stand unevenly; verðr hallt á e-n, one is worsted; (2) biassed, partial; inclined or attached to one (h. til e-s or undir e-n); h. til illsku, prone, inclined, to evil.

hallr, m. (1) slope, hill; (2) big stone (enn harði hallr).

hall-æri, n. bad season, famine.

halr (-s, -ir), m. poet. man.

haltr, a. limping, lame, halting; h. eptra fœti, lame of the hind leg.

haltra (), v. to halt, limp.

halzi, a. indecl. holding (with gen.).

hamalt, a. n., only in the phrase, fylkja h., to draw up in a wedge shaped column (= svínfylkja).

hamar-gnipa, f. peak of a crag; -klettr, m. crag, rock.

hamarr (gen. -s, dat. hamri, pl. hamrar), m. (1) hammer; hann gerði hamar yfir, he made the sign of the hammer over it; (2) back of an axe; (3) crag, precipice (þar stendr h. mikill fyrir þeim); þrítugur h., a crag thirty fathoms high.

hamar-rifa, f. rift in a crag; -skalli, m. head of a hammer; -skaft, n. shaft of a hammer; -skúti, m. jutting or overhanging crag.

hamars-mark, n. sign of the hammer; -muðr, m. the thin end of a hammer.

hamar-spor, n. a hammers print.

hamast (), v. refl. (1) to assume the shape of an animal (h. í arnarlíki); (2) to rage (like a berserk).

ham-far, n., -farir, f. pl. travelling in the shape of an animal (fara -fari, í -förum); -föng, n. pl. fury, frenzy; -hleypa, f. a human being who travels in the shape of an animal; a witch that goes in ham-farir.

hamingja, f. (1) guardian spirit; (2) luck, good fortune.

hamingju-drjúgr, a. lucky; -hjól, n. wheel of fortune; -hlutr, m. lucky chance; -lauss, a. luckless; -leysi, n. want of luck; -maðr, m. lucky man; -mikill, a. very lucky; -mót, n. lucky appearance (-mót er á þér); -raun, f. trial of fortune; -samligr, a. lucky-looking; -skipti, n. turn (vicissitude) of fortune; -skortr, m. lack of good luck; -tjón, n. bad luck.

hamla, f. oar-thong, grummet; láta síga á hömlu, to pull backwards (stern foremost); ganga e-m í hömlu (um e-t), to take one’s place, be a substitute for one (in a thing).

hamla (), v. (1) to pull backwards; (2) to stop, hinder (h. e-m); (3) to maim, mutilate (sumir vóru hamlaðir at höndum eða fótum).

hampr, m. hemp.

hamr (-s, -ir), m. (1) skin, slough; hleypa hömum, to cast the slough (of snakes); (2) shape, form; skipta hömum, to change one’s shape.

hamra-fjall, n. craggy mountain; -klif, n. cleft between two crags.

ham-ramr, a. (1) able to change one’s shape; (2) seized with warlike fury (berserks-gangr).

hamra-skarð, n. = -klif.

ham-remi, f. the state of being ham-ramr (2).

hams, m. (1) snake’s slough (ormar skriða or hamsi á vár); (2) husk.

ham-stoli, -stolinn, a. deprived of one’s wits, frantic, furious.

hana-galan, f. cock-crew.

handa (= til h.), prep. with dat. to, for (h. Oddi).

handa-band, n. shaking of hands; -festi, -festr, f. a hold for the hands.

hand-afl, n. strength of hand; lesa sik upp (to haul oneself up) með -afli.

handa-gangr, m. grasping after a thing; -gørvi, f. ‘hand-gear’, gloves; -kast, n. = -læti; -klapp, n. clapping of hands; -læti, n. pl. gestures with the arms.

handan, adv. from beyond; heðan ok h., hither and thither; fyrir h., with acc. beyond, on the other side of.

handar-bak, n. back of the hand; -gagn, n. use of the hand; leggja e-t til -gagns to lay it so as to be ready at hand; -grip, n. span; -hald, n. handle; -högg, n. a blow on one’s hand; -jaðarr, m. hand’s edge; vera undir -jaðri e-s, to be in one’s hands, in one’s power; -kriki, m. arm-pit; -mein, n. sore in the hand; -sár, n. wound in the hand; -stubbr, m. stump (of an arm); -stúfr, m. stump (of an arm); -vanr, a. handless.

handa-skömm, f. shame for one’s hands; -staðr, m. print of the hands; -verk, n. pl. one’s handwork, doings.

hand-bani, m. actual slayer, opp. to ‘ráð-bani’; -bjalla, f. hand-bell; -björg, f. ‘hand-supply’; lifa við -björg sina, to earn one’s own living; fœra e-n fram með -björg sinni, to support a person by one’s labour; -bogi, m. hand-bow, opp. to ‘lásbogi’; -byndi, n. encumbrance (e-m verðr -byndi at e-u); -bærr, a. ready at hand; -fang, n. span; -fátt, a. n. lack of hands (-fátt varð upp at bera); -festa (-sta, -str), v. to strike a bargain by shaking hands, to pledge (-festa heit sitt); biskup -festi (betrothed) jungfrú Ingiborg; -festa, f. striking a bargain by joining hands; -festr, f. striking a bargain by joining hands; -fyllr, f. handful; -ganga, f. surrender, submission; -genginn, pp. that has become a retainer to the king (gørast -genginn e-m); -góðr, a. handy, adroit; -hafl, m. having in hand (vera -hafl at e-u); -haltr, a. having a lame hand; -hæfi, n., -höfn, f. hand-instrument; -högg, n. hacking off one’s hand; -höggva (see höggva), v. to hack one’s hand off; -iðjan, f. hand-work; -klukka, f. hand-bell; -klæði, n. hand-towel; -krœkjast (t), v. to make trial of strength by pulling with bent hands; -kvern, f. quern, hand-mill.

handla (), v. = höndla.

hand-lag, n. joining hands; -lami, a. with a lame hand; -latr, a. lazy to use one’s hands; -laug, f. water for washing the hands (bera inn -laugar); -lauss, a. handless; -leggr, m. arm, fore-arm; -lektari, m. hand-lectern; -léttir, m. lending a hand; -lín, n. sleeves; -megin, n. strength of hand, working power; -meiddr, pp. with maimed hands; -numinn, pp. seized, caught; -rammr, a. strong-handed; -rið, n. hand-rail; -rif, n. ‘reefing cord’, in the phrase, svipta af -rifi, to reef a sail; -sal, n. (1) = handaband; (2) pledge, bargain; taka við -sölum á e-u, to undertake the trust or charge of a thing; eiga -sól við e-n, to make a bargain with one; bjóða -sól fyrir e-n, to offer bail for one; -sala (), v. to make over (confirm) by shaking hands.

handsala-maðr, m. bail, surety.

handsals-maðr, m. bail, surety.

hand-sax, n. short sword, dagger; leika at -söxum, to play with daggers (by throwing them in the air and catching them by the hilt); -seinn, a. slow with the hand; -selja (see selja), v. to make over; -seld sök, a suit conducted by proxy; -síðr, a. long-armed; -skot, n. throwing by hand, opp. to ‘bogaskot’; -sleggja, f. hand-sledge; -sløngva, f. hand sling; -sterkr, a. strong-handed; -stinnr, a. with brawny hands; róa -stinnan, to pull strongly; -styrkja (t), v. -styrkja sik upp, to haul oneself up; -styrkr, a. = -sterkr; -tak, n. = handaband; -taka, v. (1) to seize, lay hold of; (2) to stipulate; -tygill, m. an arm-strap; -vega (see vega), v. to weigh in the hand; -vegr, m. shoulder-seam; -víss, a. quite certain; -vætta (-tta, -ttr), v. = -vega; -vömm, f. maladroitness, blundering; -øx, f. hand-axe.

hang, n. coil (of a serpent); köttrinn beygði hangit (v. r. kenginn), the cat bent its back.

hanga (hangi; hékk, héngum; hanginn), v. (1) to hang, be suspended (hvers manns alvæpni hékk yfir rúmi hans); (2) to cling to, hang fast to; weak pret. (hangdi naðran á lifrinni); (3) to be hanged (gengr þú at h.).

hanga-guð, -týr, m. god (lord) of the hanged (viz. Odin).

hangi, m. a body hanging on a gallows (hann settist undir hanga).

hani, m. cock.

hanki, m. hasp or clasp (of a chest).

hann, pers. pron. he.

hann-yrð, -ørð, f. skill, fine work.

hanzki, m. glove.

happ, n. good luck.

happa-drjúgr, a. lucky; -mikill, a. having great luck; -ráð, n. happy counsel; -verk, n. happy deed.

happ-auðigr, a. lucky; -fróðr, a. wise in season; -samr, a. lucky; -skeytr, a. a good shot.

hapt, n. bond; see ‘haft’.

hara, v. to stare, grin (?).

harða, adv. very (= harðla).

harð-angr, m. hard times, distress; -brjóstaðr, a. hard-hearted; -býll, a. a hard householder; -drœgi, f. the being -drœgr; -drœgr, a. hard to manage; -eygr, a. hard-eyed; -fari, m. ‘fast-goer’; -farliga, adv. harshly, vehemently; -fengi, f. hardihood, valour; -fengiliga, adv. = -fengliga; -fenginn, a. = -fengr; -fengliga, adv. hardily, valiantly; -fengr, a. hardy, valiant; -fenni, n. hard snow; -fœri, f. stubbornness; -fœrr, a. hard to overcome; -görr, a. (1) hardy, stout; (2) strong built (-gört skip); -hendi, f. hard-handedness; -hendiliga, adv. with hard hand; -hendr, a. hard handed; -hugaðr, a. hard-hearted.

harðindi, n. pl. (1) hardness; (2) hardship, severity.

harð-kvæli, n. = harmkvæli.

harðla, adv. very (h. mikill, lítill).

harð-leikinn, a. playing a hard, rough game; verða e-m -leikinn, to play roughly with one; fá -leikit, to be roughly treated; -leikni, f. rough game; -leikr, m. hardness, harshness; -leitr, a. hard-looking; -lífi, n. hard life, chastisement; -liga, adv. (1) forcibly, sternly; (2) fast (riða -liga); -ligr, a. hard, severe; -lundaðr, a. hard-tempered; -lyndi, n. hard temper; -lyndr, a. = -lundaðr; -mannligr, a. hardy, manly; -menni, n. hardy man; -móðigr, a. hard of mood; -mæli, n. hard language; -mæltr, a. = -orðr.

harðna (), v. (1) to harden; (2) to become severe (of weather); to grow worse; harðnaði matlífi þeirra, they ran short of provisions.

harð-orðr, a. hard-spoken.

harðr, a. (1) hard (h. steinn, skafl); (2) hard, stern, severe (h. í skapi, í hjarta); (3) hardy; fólk hart ok illit at sœkja, hardy and difficult to assail; h. í horn at taka, hard to take by the horns, stubborn; h. bardagi, hard-fought battle; leika e-n bart, to treat one harshly; ríða hart, to ride fast.

harð-ráðr, a. (1) firm, determined (maðr vitr ok -ráðr); (2) severe, tyrannical; -reiðr, a. hard to ride on; -rétti, n. hardship; -ræði, n. (1) hardiness, hardihood, firmness; (2) hardness, harshness; -skeyti, f. hard shooting; -skeytr, a. (1) shooting hard; (2) hard, severe; -skipaðr, pp. manned with hardy men; -sleginn, pp. hard-hammered; -slœgr, a. hard to mow (-slœgr teigr); -snúinn, pp. ‘hard-twisted’, staunch, stubborn; -sóttr, pp. hard to get, difficult; -steinn, m. whetstone; -tœkr, a. hard, exacting; -úðigr, a. hard-minded; -vaxinn, pp. strong-built, brawny; -yrði, n. pl. hard words; -yrki, m. hard worker; -ýðgi, f. hardness of heart, severity.

hark, n. noise, tumult.

harka, f. hardness, hardiness.

harka (), v. (1) to scrape together (h. e-u saman); (2) e-m harkar, harkar fyrir e-m, things go ill with one; harkar um e-t, it goes badly; harkast um, to be in a bad way; (3) refl., harkast, to make a tumult.

harka-geta, f. coarse, scanty food; -lið, n. rabble; -menn, m. pl. tramps, scamps; -samliga, adv. coarsely.

harki, m. rubbish, trash.

harma (), v. to bewail; h. sik, to wail; impers., e-m or e-n harmar, it vexes one, one is vexed.

harman-liga, adv. sorrowfully; -ligr, a. sorrowful.

harm-blandinn, pp. mixed with sorrow; -brögð, n. pl. mournful deeds; -dauði, m. sorrowful death; -dauði, -dauðr, a. lamented (vera -dauði e-m); -dögg, f. sorrow-dew, tears (poet.); -fenginn, pp. affected by grief; -flaug, f. baneful shaft; -fullr, a. = harmsfullr; -kvæli, n. pl., -kvöl, f. torments.

harmr (-s, -ar), m. sorrow, grief.

harm-saga, f. tidings of grief; -samligr, a. sad, mournful.

harms-auki, m. addition to one’s grief; -fullr, a. sorrowful, distressed; -léttir, m. relief.

harm-sök, f. cause of grief, sad case; -söngr, m. dirge; -tíðindi, n. pl. = -saga; -tölur, f. pl. lamentations; -þrunginn, pp. filled with grief; -þrútinn, a. swollen with sorrow.

harneskja, f. harness, armour.

harpa, f. (1) harp (leika, slá hörpu); (2) harp-seal (era hlums vant, kvað refr, dró hörpu at ísi).

hasla (pl. höslur), f. pole of hazel wood; hasla (), v. to mark out by hazel-poles; h. e-m völl, to challenge one to a pitched battle or duel.

hastar-liga, adv. suddenly.

hast-orðr, a. harsh-spoken.

hata (), v. (1) to hate (h. e-n); (2) to damage, destroy (poet.); (3) refl., hatast við e-n, to be full of hatred against one.

hatr, n. hatred, enmity.

hatr-liga, adv. hatefully; -ligr, a. hateful; -samligr, -samr, a. hateful hostile (-samr e-m).

hatrs-fullr, a. hateful hostile.

hattr, m. hat, = höttr.

hauðr, n. poet. earth.

hauga-eldr, m. cairn fire; -öld, f. the age of cairn-burial, opp. to ‘brunaöld’, the age of burning the dead.

haug-brot, n. breaking of a cairn; -búi, m. ‘cairn-dweller’, ghost; -fœra (-ða, -ðr), v. to bury in a cairn; -ganga, f. the breaking into a cairn.

haugr (-s, -ar), m. (1) mound; (2) sepulchral mound, cairn.

haug-setja (see setja), v. = haug-fœra.

haugs-gólf, n. floor of a cairn; -gørð, f. cairn-making.

haug-staðr, m. heathen burial-place; -tekinn, pp. taken from a cairn.

haugs-öld, f. = hauga-öld.

hauka-veiðr, f. hunting with hawks.

hauk-ligr, a. hawk-like (of the eyes).

haukr (-s, -ar), m. hawk; fleygja hauki, to fly a hawk.

haukstaldr, m., poet. man, hero.

hauld-, hauldr, see höld-, höldr.

haull, m. rupture, hernia.

hausa-kljúfr, m. skull-cleaver (nickname); -mót, n. pl. sutures of the skull.

haus-brot, n. skull-fracture; -fastr, a. seated in the skull; -filla, f. the skin of the skull.

hauss (pl. hausar), m. skull.

haust, n. harvest season, autumn.

hausta (), v. to draw near autumn.

haust-blót, n. sacrificial feast in autumn; -boð, n. autumn feast; -dagr, m. day in autumn; at or í -degi, in autumn; -gríma, f. autumn night; -heimtur, f. pl. getting in sheep in autumn; -langr, a. lasting all the autumn; -mánaðr, m. autumn month, September; -víking, f. free-booting expedition in autumn; -þing, n. autumn assembly; -öl, n. autumn (drinking) festival.

, interj. eh! what do you say?

, f. after-grass, after-math.

, f. hide (hangir með hám).

há-altari, m. high altar; -beinn, a. high-legged, long-legged; -bjarg, n. high rock; -bogaðr, a. high-curved (of a saddle).

há-bora (), v. to fit with rowlocks.

há-borur, f. pl. rowlocks.

há-brók, f. a kind of hawk; -brókast (), v. refl. to puff oneself up.

háð, n. scoffing, mocking.

há-degi, n. midday, noon.

hádegis-skeið, n. noon-tide.

háð-samr, a. scoffing; -semi, f. mockery (með hrópyrðum ok h.).

háðugr, a. shameful, disgraceful.

háðu-ligr, a. (1) scornful, abusive (-lig orð); (2) disgraceful (-ligt verk).

háðung, f. shame, disgrace.

háðungar-orð, n. pl. scornful words.

háð-yrði, n. pl. = hæði-yrði.

há-fjall, n. high mountain; -fleygr, a. high-flying; -flœðr, f. full flood, high flood-tide; -fœttr, a. high-legged; -leikr, m. highness; -leitligr, a. sublime; -leitr, a. looking upwards; fig. lofty, sublime.

hála, f. giantess; hálu skær, wolf (poet.).

hálfa, f. (1) region, part (veröldin var greind í þrjár hálfuir); (2) lineage, kin (frjálsborinn í allar hálfur); (3) af e-s hálfu, on one’s behalf; on one’s part; af guðs hálfu ok lands-laga, on behalf of God and the law of the land.

hálf-bergrisi, m. half a giant; -dauðr, a. half dead; -ermaðr, pp. half-sleeved; -fífl, n. half an idiot; -fullr, a. half full; -görr, a. only half, done, left half undone; -kirkja, f. annex-church, chapel of ease; -launat, pp. n. half rewarded; -litr, a. of two colours, with a different colour on each side; -ljóst, a. n., þá er -ljóst var, in the twilight; -mörk, f. half a mark; -nauðigr, a. half reluctant; -nið, n. half a lampoon.

hálf-neytr, a. ‘half-good’; þótti Birni eigi verr en -neytt, þó at, B. was out half-loath, though.

hálfr, a. (1) half; h. mánaðr, half a month, fortnight; til hálfs by a half; h. annar, þriði, fjórði, &c., one, two, three and a half; hálft annat hundrað, one hundred and a half; h. þriði tøgr manna, twenty-five men; (2) neut. ‘hálfu’, by half, with a comparative in an intensive sense, much, far; hálfu verri, far worse; hálfu meira, far more; hálfu siðr, far less.

hálf-risi, m. half a giant; -róinn, pp. having rowed half the way; -rými, n. half a ‘rúm’ in a ship.

hálfrýmis-félagar, m. pl. messmates in the same hálfrými; -kista, f. a chest belonging to a hálfrými.

hálf-røkvit, a. n. half twilight; -skiptr, pp. = -litr; -troll, n. half a giant; -tunna, f. half a tun; -unninn, pp. half done; -virði, n. half worth; -þrítugr, a. aged twenty-five; -þynna, f. a kind of small axe; -œrinn, a. half sufficient; -œrr, a. half mad (hann var hálf-œrr af drykkju).

háll, a. slippery (var hált á ísinum).

hál-leikr, m. slipperiness.

hálmr (gen. -s), m. straw, haulm (þeir lögðust þar niðr í hálm).

hálm-strá, n. haulm-straw; -visk, n. wisp of straw; -þúst, n. flail.

háls (gen. háls, pl. hálsar), m. (1) neck; taka höndum um h. e-m, to embrace one; beygja h. fyrir e-m, to bend the neck to one; liggja e-m á hálsi fyrir e-t, to reprove, blame one for; standa á hálsi e-m to put the foot on one’s neck; (2) bow of a ship or boat (Hýmir reri í hálsinum fram); (3) the front-sheet (tack) of a sail; (4) the end of a rope; (5) the tip of a bow (hann dregr svá bogann, at saman þótti bera hálsana); (6) ridge, hill; (7) pl., góðir hálsar, good men! fine fellows!

hálsa (), v. (1) to embrace; (2) h. segl, to clew up the sail.

háls-bein, n. neck-bone; -beina, n. neck-bone; -björg, f. gorget; -bók, f. a book to be hung from the neck; -brotna (), v. to break one’s neck; -brún, f. edge of a hill; -digr, a. thick-necked; -fang, n. embrace; -gjörð, f. necklace; -högg, n. stroke on the neck; -höggva (see höggva), v. to behead; -járn, n. neck-iron, iron collar; -langr, a. long-necked; -liðr, m. neck-joint; -ljósta (see ljósta), v. to strike one on the neck; -men, n. necklace; -sár, n. neck wound; -slag, n. = háls-högg; -stefni, n. (1) throat; (2) part of a ship.

há-læti, n. shouting, noise; -messa, f. high-mass; -mælgi, f. loud talking.

há-mót, n. ankle-joint; only in the phrase, fara í há-mót (or -mótit) eptir e-m, to follow one closely, sneak along behind one.

há-mæli, n., fœra (bera) e-t í -mæli, to speak loud of; -mæltr, pp. loud-voiced; -nefjaðr, a. high-nosed; -pallr, m. dais (in a hall).

hár (, hátt), a. (1) high; á háfum fjöllum, in high mountains; hæri en, higher than; (2) tall (h. maðr vexti); (3) superl. at the highest pitch; meðan hæst væri vetrar, sumars, in the depth of winter, in the height of summer; (4) high, glorious; hæstu hátíðir, the highest feasts; (5) loud (h. brestr); mæla hátt, to speak loud; hón verðr há við, she becomes clamorous or excited.

hár (gen. hás, pl. háir), m. thole.

hár, n. hair (jarpr á h.).

hár, m. dog-fish.

hár-amr (= hár-hamr), m. the hairy side of a skin; -bjartr, a. fair-haired.

há-reiðar, f. pl. rowlocks.

há-reysti, n. and f. noise, clamour; -reystr, a. noisy, loud-voiced.

hár-fagr, a. fair-haired; -ferð, f. fashion of the hair; -hvass, a. hair-edged; -klæði, n. hair cloth; -knifr, m. razor; -laug, f. washing the hair; -leppr, m. lock of hair.

hárr, a. hoary, grey-haired.

hár-rœtr, f. pl. roots of the hair; -skurðr, m. cut of the hair.

hárs-litr, m. color of the hair.

hár-taug, f. string of horse-hair; -vara, f. fur; -vöxtr, m. hair-growth.

há-segl, n. top-sail.

há-seti, m. oarsman, opp. to ‘stýrimaðr’ (helmsman).

há-seymdr, pp. studded with large nails (beizl háseymt).

há-sin, f. Achilles’ tendon.

háska-ferð, -för, f. dangerous journey (exploit); -lauss, a. free from danger; -ligr, a. dangerous; -samliga, adv. dangerously; -samligr, a. perilous; -samr, a. perilous; -tími, m. time of danger; -vað, n. dangerous ford; -ván, f. danger to come.

há-skeptr, a. long-handled, long-shafted (háskept øx, spjót).

háski, m. danger, peril.

hás-mæltr, a. hoarse-speaking.

háss, a. hoarse.

há-staðr, m. high (important) place; -stafir, m. pl., in the phrase, gráta (œpa) -stöfum, to weep (shout) loudly; -steint, a. n. full of high boulders (var hásteint í ánni).

há-stokkr, m. gunwale.

há-stóll, m. high-seat; -sumar, n. midsummer; -sæti, n. high-seat, seat of honour (= öndvegi).

hásætis-borð, n. high-seat table; -kista, f. a chest near the high-seat; -maðr, m. the man in the high-seat.

há-talaðr, a. loud-voiced; -timbra (), v. to build high; -tíð, f. festival, feast (halda hátíð).

hátíðar-aptann, m. eve of a feast; -dagr, m. festal day, holiday; -hald, n. holding a feast.

hátíðis-dagr, m. = hátíðardagr.

hátíð-liga, adv. with festivity; -ligr, a. festive, festal.

hátta (), v. (1) to arrange, dispose, with dat.; h. sér, to conduct oneself; impers., háttar svá, at hann kom, he happened to come; (2) to go to bed.

hátta-brigði, n. change of manners.

háttaðr, pp. fashioned, conditioned (hvernig var jörðin háttuð?); e-u er svá háttat, it is so made or conditioned of that nature or kind; yðr frændum er svá háttat, you kinsmen are of that stamp.

hátta-góðr, a. well-mannered, well. behaved; -lykill, m. key to metres; -skipti, n. (1) change of manners; (2) shifting of metre; -tal, n. enumeration of metres.

hátt-prúðr, a. well-mannered, polite; -prýði, f. good manners.

háttr (gen. háttar, dat. hætti; pl. hættir, acc. háttu), m. (1) mode of life, habit, custom (rikra manna háttr); halda teknum hætti, to go on in one’s usual way; (2) pl. conduct, behaviour (vanda um háttu manna); fara vel með sínum háttum, to conduct oneself well; ráða sjálfr sínum háttum; one’s own master; halda háttum við aðra menn, to conduct oneself properly; (3) mode, way of doing a thing; kunna hátt á e-u, to know how to do a thing; (4) mikils háttar, of importance; lítils háttar, insignificant; þess háttar, of that kind; alls háttar, of every kind; á allan hátt, in every respect; (5) moderation, measure; eptir hætti, duly, properly; (6) metre.

hátt-samr, a. well-mannered.

háttung, f. danger, risk.

há-tún, n. high place.

hávaða-maðr, m. a noisy, self-assertive man; -mikill, a. boastful, self-assertive; -samr, a. boisterous.

há-vaði, m. (1) noise, tumult; kveða e-t upp, segja e-t, í -vaða, to proclaim loudly; (2) loud self-assertion; (3) = hávaða-maðr.

há-vetr, m., -vetri, n. midwinter (þegar hávetri var liðit).

heðan, adv. (1) hence, from this place; (2) fyrir h. hafit, on the hither side of the sea; (3) henceforth; h. í frá, hereafter.

heðinn (dat. heðni), m. jacket of fur or skin; vefja (or veifa) heðni at höfði e-m, to wrap a skin round one’s head, to hoodwink one.

heðra, adv. here, hither.

hefð, f. prescriptive right (með réttri ok löglegri hefð).

hefða (), v. to acquire a prescriptive right to (h. sér e-t).

hefðar-maðr, m. possessor, holder.

hefill (pl. heflar), m. a noose fastened to the edge of a sail to help in furling it; láta siga (or hleypa segli) ór heflum, to unfurl the sail.

hefil-skapt, n. a boat-hook to pull the sail down.

hefja (hef; hóf, hófum; hafiðr and hafinn), v. (1) to heave, raise, lift (h. stein); hann hóf upp augu sin, he lifted up his eyes; h. sik á lopt, to make a leap; h. handa, to lift the hands (for defense); h. höfuðs, to lift the head, be undaunted; h. graut, to lift the porridge, eat it with a spoon; (2) to exalt, raise in rank; h. e-n til ríkis, to raise one to the throne; (3) to begin; h. mál sitt, to begin one’s speech; h. ferð, to set out on a journey, to start; h. flokk, to raise a party; h. ákall, to raise a claim; impers., hefr e-t = hefr upp e-t, it begins (hér hefr Kristnisögu); refl., hefjast, to begin, originate (hvaðan af hefir hafizt skáldrskarpr?); (4) impers. to be carried, drifted (by storm or tide); höf skipin öll saman (all the ships were drifted) inn at landinu; þeir létu h. skipin ofan forstreymis, they let the ships drift down the stream; (5) with preps., h. e-t af e-u, to take it off; impers., en er af henni hóf öngvit (acc.), when she recovered from her swoon; þá hóf af mér vámur allar, all ailments left me; refl., hefjast af höndum e-m, to leave one; h. á rás, to take to one’s feet (= hafa á rás); refl., láta hefjast fyrir, to retreat, withdraw; h. munn sinn í sundr, to open one’s mouth; impers., Birkibeina (acc.) hefr undan, the B. drew back; h. e-t upp, to lift up (hann hóf orminn upp á hendi sér); impers., hóf honum upp brýn (acc.), his face brightened; h. e-t upp, to begin (= hefja 3); Egill hóf upp kvæðit, E. began his poem; impers., hér hefr upp Konunga-bók, here begins the K.; refl., hefjast upp, to begin (hér hefjast upp landnám); hefjast upp til ófriðar (með ófriði), to begin warfare; láta hefjast við, to lay to (naut.).

hefla (), v. to furl the sail.

hefna (-da, -dr), v. to avenge, take vengeance, with the thing and the person in gen., h. sára, to avenge the wounds, h. bróður síns, to avenge one’s brother, h. sín, to avenge oneself; with dat. of the person, h. e-m, to take vengeance on (skulu við h. honum); with the thing in gen. and the person in dat.; áttu honum at h. frændaláts, thou hast to avenge on him the death of a kinsman; impers., e-m hefnir e-t, one pays (suffers) for a thing (svá hefndi honum þat mikla mikillæti); with preps., h. e-m fyrir e-t, h. e-s a e-m, to avenge a thing on one; refl., hefnast, to avenge oneself (= hefna sín); h. e-s, to avenge a thing; h. á e-m, to avenge oneself on a person; e-m hefnist e-t, one has to pay (suffer) for; hefnast mun honum vist, the day of retribution will assuredly come to him.

hefnd, f. revenge, vengeance.

hefnda-laust, adv. without retribution or revenge.

hefndar-dagr, m. day of vengeance; -maðr, m. avenger.

hefni-leið, f. ‘way to vengeance’; róa á -leið, to set about taking vengeance; -leit, f. seeking for vengeance; róa á -leit e-s, to seek vengeance for; -samr, a. revengeful.

hegat, adv. = hingat, higat.

hegða (), v. to arrange (h. e-u).

hegðan, f. conduct, behaviour.

hégeitill, m. flint.

heggr (pl. -ir), m. bird cherry.

hegla (-di, -t), v. to hail.

hegna (-da, -dr), v. (1) to hedge, protect; (2) to punish, chastise (hegna ránsmenn, úsiðu).

hegnari, m. chastiser.

hegnd, f. punishment, chastisement.

hegning, f. punishment, chastisement.

hé-góma (), v. to speak falsely; -góma á e-n, to slander one.

hégóma-dýrð, f. vain-glory; -fullr, a. vain, vain-glorious; -maðr, m. charlatan, quack; -mál, n. vain speech; gøra orð e-s at -máli, to disregard one’s words; -nafn, n. empty name, sham name.

hé-gómi, m. falsehood, jolly nonsense; segja -góm á e-n, to slander one.

hágóm-ligr, a. vain, false.

hegri, m. heron.

heið, n. bright (clear) sky (veðr var bjart ok skein sól í heiði).

heiðar-brúin, f. edge of a heath.

heiðar-lauss, a. ignominious dishonourable; -liga, adv. honourably; -ligr, a. honourable.

heiðar-vegr, m. road across a heath.

heið-bjartr, a. serene (veðr -bjart).

heið-fé, n. fee, stipend.

heiðin-dómr, m. heathendom.

heiðingi (pl. -jar), m. (1) heathen, gentile; (2) wolf (poet.).

heiðingligr, a. heathen.

heiðinn, a. heathen, pagan; heiðnir menn, heathens.

heið-maðr, m. = málamaðr.

heiðnast (), v. to become heathen.

heiðni, f. (1) heathenism; (2) heathen. country (= heiðit land); (3) the heathen age, the time of heathendom.

heiðr, a. bright, clear, cloudless; h. himinn, clear sky; heiðar stjörnur, bright stars.

heiðr (gen. heiðar, dat. and acc. heiðir; pl. heiðar), f. heath, moor.

heiðr (gen. heiðrs), m. honour.

heiðr (gen. -ar), m. honour, worth.

heiðra (), v. to honour.

heið-ríkr, a. cloudless, serene.

heiðrs-maðr, m. man of honour.

heið-skírr, a. bright, cloudless (-skírt veðr); -vanr, a. accustomed to the clear sky; -viðri, n. bright weather.

heið-virðr, a. honest, honourable.

heila-bust, f. crown of the head.

heilag-leikr, m. holiness; -liga, adv. holy; -ligr, a. holy.

heilagr (acc. helgan (heilagan), pl. helgir (heilagir), &c.), a. (1) holy; (2) inviolable, sacred.

heilan, f. healing.

heil-brigði, f. health; -brigðr, a. hale, healthy.

heilendi, n. good health.

heilindi, n. good health.

heil-eygr, a. ‘hale-eyed’, having sound eyes; -fœttr, a. ‘hale-legged’; -hugaðliga, adv. sincerely, = af heilum huga; -hugaðr, a. ‘whole-minded’, sincere.

heilhuga-friðr, m. sincere peace; -ráð, n. sincere purpose.

heil-hugi, m. sincere person; -hugliga, adv. sincerely.

heili, m. brain, = hjarni.

heili-vátgr, m. healing liquor, balm.

heill, a. (1) hale, sound; illa h., in ill health; hann sagði at þar var vel heilt, he said they were all well there; kona eigi heil, enceinte; grœða e-n at heilu, to heal one fully; (2) whole, healed, in respect of wounds or illness, with gen. (verða h. sára sinna); er um heilt bezt at binda, it is better to bind a hale than a hurt limb; (3) blessed, happy; njótið heilir handa, ‘bless your hands’, well done; kom heill! welcome, hail! far h., farewell! (4) whole, entire; h. hleifr, a whole loaf; sjau hundruð heil, full seven hundred; (5) true, upright; ráða e-m heilt, to give one a wholesome (good) advice; af heilum hug, af heilu, sincerely; heilt ráð, wholesome advice; heil kenning, a useful, profitable lesson.

heill, n. and f. luck, omen, foreboding; góðu (illu) heilli, in a good (evil) hour; mörg eru giptusamlig heill, there are many good auspices; fall er farar h., a fall is a good omen; hann bað þeim h. duga, he wished them good speed; heillum horfinn, forsaken by luck; ok var brugðit heillum sverðsins, the spell of the sword was broken.

heilla (), v. to enchant, spell-bind, bewitch; heilluð ertu (thou art infatuated), ef þú ætlar, etc.

heilla-brigð, n. pl. turn of luck; -drjúkgr, a. fortunate, happy; -leysi, n. ill-luck; -maðr, m. lucky man; -ráð, n. good advice, wholesome counsel; -vænligr, a. hopeful, promising; -vænn, a. boding good luck, promising well.

heil-leikr, m. (1) health; (2) sincerity, uprightness; -liga, adv. fairly, candidly; -ligr, a. fair; -næmligr, a. wholesome; -ráðr, a. giving wholesome counsel; taking wholesome counsel; -ræði, n. wise (wholesome) counsel.

heilsa (), v. to say hail to one, greet one (= biðja e-n heilan vera), with dat.; h. á e-n = h. e-m.

heilsa, f. (1) health; (2) restoration to health (hann var feginn heilsu sinni); (3) salvation.

heil-samligr, a., -samr, a. wholesome, salutary.

heilsan, f. salutation, greeting.

heil-smíðliga, adv. uprightly, fairly, properly.

heilsu-bót, f. improvement of health, recovery; -bragð, n. cure; -drykkr, m. healing draught; -far, n. state of health; -gjöf, f. cure, restoration to health; -lauss, a. in bad health; -litíll, a. in weak health; -ráð, n. means to recover one’s health; -samligr, a., -samr, a. wholesome, salutary; -tapan, f. perdition.

heil-und, f. brain wound.

heilundar-sár, n. = heilund.

heil-vita, a. indecl. ‘hale-witted’, of sound mind, sane.

heim, adv. home, homewards; sœkja e-n h., to visit one; to attack one.

heima, n. home (ganga til sins h.); at h. mínu, at my house; eiga h., to have one’s home, to live (Hallfreðr átti h. at Haukagili).

heima, adv. at home, at, or in, one’s own house (halr er heima hverr); sitja h., to remain at home.

heima-ból, n. homestead, manor; -bóndi, m. franklin or yeoman in a -ból; -brunnr, m. home-well; -dyrr, f. pl. entrance to a dwelling-house; -elskr, a. fond of staying at home; -fólk, n. home folk, household; -griðungr, m. a bull kept at home; -hús, n. dwelling-houses; -kona, f. house-maid; -land, n. home estate; -líð, n. = -fólk; -maðr, m. one of the household, a servant (= griðmaðr).

heiman, adv. from home; in some phrases the reference is to the marriage and dowry of women.

heiman-búnaðr, m. preparation for a journey from home; -ferð, f. journey (voyage) from home; -fylgja, f. the dowry which the bride takes with her from home; -för, f. = heiman-ferð; -förull, a. strolling from home; -gengt, a. n., in the phrase, eiga lítt -gengt, to have no time or opportunity to leave home.

heima-prestr, m. resident priest, parson; -seta, f. sitting at home; -sveit, f. = -fólk; -taða, f. the hay from the home-field; -vist, f. staying at home.

heim-boð, n. invitation, feast; -dragi, m. a stay-at-home; hleypa -draganum, to see the world.

heimfarar-lefi, n. = heimleyfi.

heim-ferð, f. (1) going home, return home; (2) inroad into one’s home, atför, heimsókn.

heimferðar-leyfi, n. = heimleyfi.

heim-fúss, a. longing for home; -för, f. = heim-ferð; -ganga, f. going home; -gás, f. tame goose; -hamr, m. one’s own skin.

heimila (), v. to give a title or right to a thing (heimilaði jarl þeim þat er þurfti at hafa).

heimild, f. title, right.

heimildar-maðr, m. a man from whom a title is derived; -tak, n. taking proper possession or title (-tak á skóginum).

heimilda-vandr, a. fastidious in regard to title.

heimili, n. house, home, homestead (eiga h. e-s staðar).

heimilis-fang, n. domicile; -fastr, a. having a fixed homestead; -hús, n. (1) closet; (2) privy; -kviðr, m. home-verdict; -prestr, m. chaplain; -sök, f. a charge that can be brought home to one; -vist, f. permanent habitation; vera -vistum með e-m, to reside with one.

heimill, a., e-m er e-t heimilt, one has a right to, is free to have a thing; heimill er maðr þeim, er hafa þurfu, the food is free to those who need it; kvað honum heimilan sinn styrk, his help should be at his disposal; segir, at þat var skylt ok heimilt, due and just; eiga heimilt (at gera e-t), eiga e-t heimilt, to have a right (to do a thing), to have at one’s disposal; láta e-m e-t heimilt, to give one a right to, to place at one’s disposal (lét Þ. honum heimilan hest sinn).

heimis-garðr, m. homestead; -haugr, m. ‘homestead-cairn’; -kviðr, m. = heimiliskviðr.

heim-kváma, f. return home; -kynni, n. home, household; -leiðis, adv. homewards (fara -leiðis); -leyfi, n. leave to go home; -ligr, a. worldly.

heimoll, a. = heimill.

heimol-leikr, m. intimacy; -liga, adv. (1) with full right to possession; (2) privately (fá e-m e-t -liga); -ligr, adv. (1) intimate; (2) private (heimolligr klerkr).

heimr (-s, -ar), m. (1) a place of abode, a region or world (níu man ek heima); spyrja e-n í hvern heim, to ask one freely; (2) this world (segðu mér ór heimi, ek man ór helju); koma í heiminn, to be born; fara af heiminum, to depart this life; liggja milli heims ok heljar, to lie between life and death; (3) the earth; kringla heimsins, the globe.

heim-reið, f. (1) ride home; (2) inroad, attack.

heims-aldr, m. age of the world; -álfa, f. quarter (part) of the world; -brestr, m. crash of the world; -bygð, f. the peopled world.

heimska, f. folly, nonsense.

heimsk-liga, adv. foolishly; láta -liga, to play the fool; -ligr, a. foolish, silly (heimsklig orð).

heimskr, a. foolish, silly; verðr opt heitum h. maðr feginn, fair words often make a fool s heart rejoice.

heimsku-verk, n. foolish deed.

heims-liga, adv. = heimskliga.

heim-sókn, f. (1) visit; (2) inroad, attack on one’s home (veita e-m -sókn).

heims-slit, n. pl. the end of the world; -sól, f. the sun; undir heims-sólu, on earth.

heim-stöð, f. homestead.

heims-vist, f. living, dwelling; -þriðjungr, m. = -álfa.

heim-sœkja (see sœkja), v. to visit.

heimta (-mta, -mtr), v. (1) to draw, pull; h. upp akkeri, to weigh anchor; fig., h. sik fram með fégjöfum, to make one’s way by giving presents; h. sik í vináttu við e-n, to get on friendly terms with one; h. nyt af fé, to milk cattle; (2) to get back, recover, regain (þóttust þeir hafa hann ór helju heimtan); esp., to get home the sheep from the summer pastures; (3) to claim (h. e-t at e-m); h. arf, skuld, toll, to claim an inheritance, debt, toll; h. vilmæli, to claim the fulfilment of a promise; h. e-n á tal við sik, to ask for an interview with one; (4) impers., e-n heimtir, one longs (slíks var ván, at þik mundi þangat h.); (5) refl., heimtast fram at aldri, to advance in years; h. saman, to gather together, join (heimtust brátt skip hans saman).

heimta, f. (1) claim, demand (of payment due to one); (2) esp. in pl. (heimtur) bringing home sheep from the summer pastures (verða h. góðar).

heimting, f. claim, demand.

heimull, a. = heimoll, heimill.

heim-ván, f. (1) prospect of coming home; (2) prospect of salvation.

hein, f. hone, whetstone.

heinar-smjör, -sufl, n. the grease or liquor which mowers put on the whetstone.

hein-berg, n. hone-quarry; -brýni, n. hone, whetstone.

heipt, f. (1) feud, deadly war; vinna e-m h., to wage war against one; deila heiptir, to wage deadly feud; (2) deadly hatred, spite (meirr af h. en ást); h. ok harðindi, ill-will and tyranny; hafa h. á e-m, to hate.

heiptar-blóð, n. bloodshed; -fenginn, a. breathing hatred against one; -hugr, m. wrath, hatred (hafa -hug á e-m); -mál, n., -orð, n. pl. words breathing hatred.

heipt-fenginn, a. = heiptarfenginn; -gjarn, a. spiteful; -móðr, a. wrathful; -mögr, m. foeman, adversary; -rækr, a. vindictive, revengeful; -úð, f. deadly hatred, revengefulness; -yrði, n. pl. words of hatred.

heit, n. (1) solemn promise, vow; efla (stofna, festa) heit, to make a vow; strengja e-s h., to make a solemn vow; (2) pl. threats (hann stóð undir heitum ok illyrðum).

heita (heit; hét, hétum; heitinn), v. (1) to call give a name to; Grímni mik hétu, they called me G.; heitinn eptir e-m, called (named) after one; (2) to call on one; h. e-n á brott, to call on one to be gone, bid one go (heitit mik héðan); h. á e-n, to exhort one (in battle); to invoke (h. á hinn heilaga Ólaf); h. á e-n til e-s, to invoke (appeal to) one for a thing (hann hét á Þór til fulltings); (3) intrans., the pres. ‘heiti’ (not ‘heit’), to be hight, be called; Óðinn ek, nú heiti, now I am called Odin; Ólafr heiti ek, my name is O.; Úlfr hét maðr, there was a man, whose name was U.; bœr heitir á Bakka (at búrfelli), there is a farm called B.; h. (to be reckoned) frjáls maðr, hvers manns níðingr; (4) with dat. to promise (h. e-m e-u); mantu, hverju þú hézt mér, do you remember what you promised me? h. e-m hörðu, to threaten one; Bárði var heitit meyjunni, the maid was promised to B.; (5) refl., heitast, to vow, plight one’s faith (þeir hétust reka Hákon ór landi); h. e-m, to vow one’s person to one (h. hinum heilaga Ólafi konungi); to be betrothed to one.

heita (heitta, heittr), v. (1) to heat (h. spjót í eldi); (2) to brew (h. mungát, h. öl).

heita, f. brewing (cf. ölheita).

heitan, f. threatening.

heitanar-orð, n. pl. menaces.

heitast (), v. refl. to make threats, to speak threateningly (aldrei heitaðist hann við úvini sina); h. til e-s, to use threats to obtain a thing; h. at gera e-t, to threaten to do a thing.

heit-bundinn, pp. bound by a vow (í e-u við e-n); -fastr, a. true to one’s word; -fengi, f. the being -fengr; -fengr, a. able to eat one’s food burning hot; -fé, n. votive money; -guð, m. a god to whoin one inakrs a vow.

heiti, n. name, denomination.

heitingar, f. pl. threats, imprecations (h. ok hrakning).

heit-kona, f. one’s promised spouse; -orð, n. promise (of marriage).

heitr, a. (1) hot, burning; eldi heitari, hotter than fire; e-m verðr heitt, one gets warm; (2) hot, ardent, zealous (verða h. við e-t).

heit-ramr, a. boasting, braggart.

heit-rof, n. breach of faith; -rofi, m. promise-breaker.

heitsi, a., verða e-s h., to engage, oneself to a thing.

heit-strenging, f. making a solemn vow; -strengja (-da, -dr), v. to vow solemnly (= strengja e-s heit); -söngr, m. votive song.

heitu-hús, n. brew-house; -ketill, m. boiler; -maðr, m. brewer.

hekla, f. cowled or hooded frock.

hel (gen. heljar, dat. helju), f. (1) Hel (the goddess of death); blár sem h., black as Hel; (2) abode of the dead (gráta Baldr ór helju); leysa höfuð sitt ór helju, to save oneself from death; rasa í helina opna, to rush into open death; liggja á heljar þremi, to be on the verge of death; (3) death (þykkir ekki betra líf en hel); berja e-n grjóti í hel, to stone one to death.

héla, f. hoar frost, rime.

héla (héldi, héldr), v. to cover with rime; to fall as rime.

hel-blár, a. black as death.

heldr, adv. compar. (1) more, rather; h. en, rather than, more than (vápn þeirra bitu eigi h. en vendir); (2) at h., any the more; also, all the more (at h. tveimr, at ek mynda gjarna veita yðr öllum); at heldr þótt, even although; (3) rather (nú vartu h. til skjótr, en ek h. til seinn); var brúðrin döpur h., the bride was rather sad; (4) after a negative, but, on the contrary.

heldri, a. compar. better; helztr, a. superl. best; í heldra lagi, in a high degree; þykkir mönnum sá helztr kostr, the best choice.

hel-fúss, a. murderous (-fúss hönd); -för, f. death.

helga (), v. (1) h. sér land to appropriate land by performing sacred rites; (2) to hallow to one (hét hann at helga Þór allt landnám sitt); (3) h. þing, to proclaim the sanctity of a meeting; h. e-n, to proclaim a person inviolable; (4) refl., helgast to he sanctifled.

hel-galdr, m. death-dirge.

helgan, f. (1) sanctification, sanctity; (2) sacrament.

helgar-fríðr, m. holiday-truce.

helgi, f. (1) holiness, sanctity (h. Ólafs konungs); (2) inviolability, security.

helgi-brigði, n. Sabbath-breaking; -hald, n. holiday-keeping; -staðr, m. holy place.

helgr (gen. helgar, dat. and acc. helgt; pl. helgar), f. holiday, festival; hringja til helgar, to ring for a festival.

hel-gráðr, m. voracity betokening death; -grindr, f. pl. Hel’s gate.

heljar-karl, m. (1) accursed fellow; (2) one doomed to die; -maðr, m. (1) accursed fellow; (2) one doomed to die; -skinn, n. a dark-skinned person.

heljast, v. refl. to work hard (hann heljast á skálasmíð).

hella, f. flat stone, slab of rock.

hella (-ta, -t), v. to pour out (h. e-u); var hellt í þik mjólk, milk was poured into thy mouth; h. út blóði, tárum, to shed blood, tears.

hellir (gen. hellis, dat. and acc. helli; pl. hellar), m. cave, cavern.

hellis-berg, n. cavernous rock; -dyrr, f. pl. door (entrance) of a cave; -maðr, m. cave-dweller, outlaw; -munni, m. mouth of a cave; -skúti, m. jutting cave.

hellna-grjót, n. flat stones, slabs.

hellu-steinn, m. flat stone, slab.

helma, f. haulm, straw.

helming, f. = helmingr.

helminga (), v. to halve.

helminga-skipti, n. division in two equal portions.

helmingr (-s, -ar), m. half; at helmingi, by half; skipta í helminga, to share in two equal portions.

helmings-félag, n. joint company (with equal shares).

helsi, n. collar, esp. for a dog.

hel-skór, m. pl. shoes for the dead; -stafir, m. pl. baneful characters; -strið, n. agony.

heltast (t), v. refl. to become lame.

helti, f. lameness.

hélu-fall, n. fall of rime; -kaldr, a. rime-cold; -þoka, f. rime-fog, mist.

hel-vegr, m. the way to Hel; -víti, n. hell, the abode of the damned.

helvítis-kvalir, f. pl. torments of hell; -maðr, m. a man doomed to hell.

helvízkr, a. hellish, infernal.

helzt, adv. superl. (cf. ‘heldr’), most of all, especially (hefi ek þat helzt í hug mér).

helzti, adv. far too (= helzt til); h. lengi, far too long.

helztr, a. superl., see ‘heldri’.

hemingr, m. the skin of the shanks.

henda (henda, hendr), v. (1) to catch with the hand (hann kastaði heininni í lopt upp, en allir vildu h.); to pick out or up (hann safnar mönnum til at h. svínin); h. e-t augum, to catch with the eyes; h. til smátt ok stórt, to pick up small and great alike, look closely after; h. gaman (skemtan) at e-u, to take a delight in (hann hendi skemtan at sögum ok kvæðum); h. sakir á e-m, to pick up charges against one; (2) to touch, concern one (tíðendi þau, er bæði okkr henda); (3) to befall, happen to one; þá hafði hent glœpska mikil, they had committed a great folly; hann kvað þat dugandi menn h. (it happened to brave men) at falla í bardögum.

hendi-langr, a. helpful, ready to help (vera e-m -langr um e-t).

hending (pl. -ar), f. (1) catching; var í hendingum með þeim, they were near coming to close quarters; (2) rhyme or assonance; rhyming or assonating syllable.

hendingar-orð, n. rhyming syllable.

hendi-samr, a. picking, thievish.

hengi-skafl, m. jutting heap of snow.

hengja (-da, -dr), v. to hang up, suspend; to hang on a gallows; h. sik, to hang oneself.

henta (-nti, -nt, or ), v. to fit, be suitable for (sárum mönnum hentir betr mjólk en mungát); eigi hentir svá, it will not do that way.

henti-ligr, a. befitting, = hentr.

hent-leikr, m. opportunity.

hentr, a. fit, suited for one; er slíkum mönnum bezt hent þar, there is the right place for such men.

hentug-leikr, m. = hentleikr.

hentugr, a. befitting, convenient.

heppi-fengr, a. making a good catch.

heppinn, a. lucky, fortunate.

hepta (-pta, -ptr), v. (1) to bind, fetter; h. hross, hest, to hobble a horse; (2) to impede, hinder (illt er flýjanda at h.); h. sik, to restrain oneself, forbear; refl. to be thwarted (heptist ferð þeirra).

hepti, n. haft (of a dirk).

hepting, f. tether; impediment.

hepti-sax, n. a kind of digger.

hér, adv. (1) here; á landi h., in this country; h. ok hvar, here and there; (2) here, hither (margir þeir er h. koma); (3) with preps., h. af, here from, from this; h. eptir, hereafter, according to this; h. fyrir, for this, therefore; h. til, hereto; h. um, in this, as regards this.

herað, n. (1) district; (2) country, opp. to ‘bœr’ (town).

heraðs-bóndi, m. franklin; -bót, f. bettering the affairs of a district; -brestr, m. a crash that can be heard all over the district; -bygð, f. a district and its people; -deild, f. district quarrel; -fteygr, a. quickly known over a district; -flótti, m. flight or exile from a district; -fundr, m. district meeting; -íseta, f. = heraðs-vist; -kirkja, f. parish church; -konungr, n. kinglet; -ríkr, a. of influence in one’s district; -sekr, a. outlawed within a district; -sekt, f. outlawry within a district; -stjórn, f. district government; -vist, f. abiding within a certain district; -vært, a. n., eiga -vært, to be at liberty to reside within a district; -þing, n. district assembly (in contrast to the ‘alþingi’).

herað-vært, a. n. = heraðs-vært.

her-baldr, m. poet., warrior.

her-bergi, n. (1) room; (2) lodgings, quarters (var þeim vísat fyrst í gestahús til herbergis).

herbergis-maðr, m., -sveinn, m. groom of the chamber.

herbergja (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to harbour (a person); (2) to lodge, take up one’s quarters (= h. sik).

her-blástr, m. blast of trumpets; -boð, n. war summons; -brestr, m. explosion; -búðir, f. pl. camp; -búinn, pp. armed; -búnaðr, m. armament.

herða (-rða, -rðr), v. (1) to make hard, temper (h. járn, sverð); (2) to press, clench; h. hendr (knúa) at e-u, to clench with the hands (fists); fig., h. atgöngu, to make the attack harder; (3) to make firm, exhort; h. huginn, h. sik, to take heart, exert oneself; (4) absol. to follow closely, pursue vigorously (Birkibeinar herðu eptir þeim); h. áfram, to push on; h. at (e-m) to press hard (upon one); (5) impers. to become hard; veðr (acc.) herði, it blew up a gale; herði seglit, the sail was strained hard (by the gale); (6) refl. to take heart (bað konungr menn vel við herðast).

herða, f. (1) tempering (of steel), steeling; (2) hardness, severity.

herða-drengr, m. hump on the back (cf. ‘herðar’); -lítill, a. narrow shouldered; -munr, m. superiority, superior force.

herðar, f. pl. shoulders, the upper part of the back.

herðar-blað, n. shoulder blade.

herða-sár, n. a wound over the shoulders; -toppr, m. shoulder tuft (of a horse’s mane).

herði, f. hardness, hardihood.

herði-breiðr, a. broad-shouldered; -lítill, a. = herðalítill; -lútr, a. with stooping shoulders.

herði-maðr, m. hardy man.

herði-mikill, a. = herði-breiðr; -þykkr, a. thick-shouldered.

herðu-góðr, a. well tempered (øx herðugóð ok snarpegg).

her-draga (see draga), v. to drag violently (at grípa, slá, eða h.).

her-fang, n. booty (taka fé e-s at -fangi); -fenginn, pp. captured, taken by force; -ferð, f. (1) warfare, military expedition; (2) host.

herfi, n. harrow.

herfi-liga, adv. wretchedly; -ligr, a. wretched.

her-fjöturr, m. ‘war-fetter’; -flokkr, m. body of warriors; -fólk, n. men of war; -fórur, f. pl. harness; -fœrr, a. able for war service; -för, f. = -ferð (1); -ganga, f. march; -gjarn, a. warlike; -glötuðr, m. destroyer of hosts; -hlaup, n. rushing to arms; -horn, n. war trumpet.

heri, m. hare; hafa hera hjarta, to be hare-hearted.

herja (), v. (1) to go harrying or freebooting; (2) with acc. to despoil, waste (h. land); refl., herjast á, to harry (wage war on) one another.

herja-föðr, m. father of hosts, Odin.

Herjan, m. Lord of hosts (a name of Odin).

herjans-kerling, f. hag; -sonr, m. ‘devil’s limb’, wretch.

her-kastali, m. castle, stronghold.

her-kerling, f., only in ‘hver -kerling’, every old woman.

herkja, v. to drag oneself along.

her-klukka, f. alarm-bell; -klæða (-dda, -ddr), v. to clothe in armour; refl., -klæðast, to put on armour; -klasti, n. pl. armour; -konungr, m. warrior-king; -kumbl, -kuml, n. war token, arms (on shields).

hér-kváma, f. arrival.

her-land, n. harried land; -leiða (-dda, -ddr), v. to lead off into captivity; -leiðing, f. captivity; -leiðsla, f. = her-leiðing.

hér-lendr, -lenzkr, a. domestic, native, opp. to ‘útlenzkr’ (foreign).

her-lið, n. war-people, troops; -ligr, a. marlial-looking; -lúðr, m. war trumpet (þeyta h.).

herma (-da, -dr), v. (1) to relate, repeat, report (h. orð e-s); (2) h. eptir e-m, to imitate or mimic one.

her-maðr, m. man of war, warrior (hann var mikill h.).

hermann-liga, adv. gallantly; -ligr, a. gallant, martial.

hermast (d), v. refl. to wax wroth (e-m hermist við e-n).

hermd, f. vexation, aimer.

hermdar-fullr, a. wrathful; -litr, m. colour of wrath; -orð, n. pl. angry words; -verk, n. deed of renown (?); -yrði, n. pl. = -orð.

her-megir, m. pl. warriors.

hermi-kráka, f. mimic, ape.

hermi-liga, adv. right angrily.

herming, f. indignation, wrath.

hermt, pp. n., e-m verðr h. við e-t, to wax angry with a thing.

hérna, adv. here (= hér).

hernaðar-fólk, n., -menn, m. pl. plunderers, forayers; -ráð, n. pl. a planning for plunder; -sök, f. a case of raid.

hernaðr (gen. -ar), m. (1) harryng, plundering; (2) warfare, raid, foray (hefja hernað, fara í hernað).

her-nema (see nema), v. to capture, take by force.

herneskja, f. armour.

her-numi, a., -numinn, pp. captive; -óp, n. war-cry, war-whoop.

herr (gen. hers, older herjar), m. (1) crowd, great number (fylgdi oss h. manna); með her manns, with a host of men; úvígar h., overwhelming host; (2) army, troops (on land and sea). Cf. ‘allsherjar-’.

herra (indecl. in sing.; pl. herrar), m. master, lord.

herra (), v. to confer the title ‘herra’ upon a person.

herra-dómr, m., -dœmi, n. lordship; dominion; -ligr, a. lordly; -maðr, m. lordly man, lord, knight.

herramann-liga, adv. in a lordly manner; -ligr, a. lordly.

herra-samligr, a. = herraligr.

her-saga, f. war-news.

hers-borinn, pp. born of a hersir.

hers-höfðingi, m. commander of an army; general.

hersir (-is, -ar), m. a local chief lord (in Norway).

herskapar-búningr, m. warlike equipment; -fœri, n. implement of war.

her-skapr, m. harrying, warfare; -skár, a. (1) warlike, martial; (2) exposed to raid or warfare, in a state of war (landit var þá herskátt; í þann tíma var mjók -skátt); -skip, n. warship; -skjöldr, m. war shield; fara land -skildi, to harry a land (= herja land); -skrúð, n., -skrúði, m. harness; -skrýddr, pp. clad in armour; -spori, m. caltrop.

herstast (st), v. refl. to speak harshly to one (h. á e-n).

hersti-ligr, a. harsh.

her-stjóri, m. commander; -stjórn, f. command of troops.

herstr, a. harsh; mæla herst við e-n, to speak harshly to one.

her-taka (see taka), v. to capture; -taka konu, to abduct a woman; -taka, f. captivity; -taki, m. captive; -tekja, -tekning, f. = -taka.

hertoga-dómr, m. leadership; dukedom; -dœmi, n. duchy; -nafn, n. title of a duke.

her-togi, m. (1) commander of troops; (2) duke; -váðir, f. pl. armour; -vápn, n. pl. weapons; -vegr, m. highway; -virki, n. ravaging, plundering, damage.

hér-vist, f. dwelling here.

her-vígi, n. ravage, man-slaughter; -víkingr, m. plunderer, pirate; -væða (-dda, -ddr), v. = -klæða.

herzla, f. tempering (of steel).

her-þurft, f. want of troops; -ör, f. ‘war-arrow’ (sent round as a to of war); skera upp -ör, to summon a district to arms.

hesli, n. hazel-wood; -kylfa, f. hazel club; -skógr, m. hazel-wood; -stöng, f. hazel-pole; -vöndr, m. hazel wand.

hespa, f. (1) hasp, fastening; (2) skein (of wool).

hesta-at, n. horse-fight; -birgr, a. Well provided with horses; -geldir, m. horse gelder; -geymsla, f. horse keeping; -gneggjan, f. neighing of horses; -gnýr, m. noise (din) of horsemen; -járn, n. pl. horse-shoes; -keyrsla, f. driving the horses on, in horse-fight; -kostr, m. supply of horses (hafa lítinn -kost); -líð, n. horsemen; -maðr, m. = -svein; -skipti, n. change of horses; -stafr, m. horse staff (used in a horse-fight); -stallr, m. = hest-hús; -sveinn, m. horse boy, groom; -vað, n. horse ford; -víg, n. horse-fight; -þing, n. a meeting for a public horse-fight.

hest-bak, a. horse-back; -bein, n. horse bone; -birgr, a. = hestabirgr; -brynja, f. armour for a war-horse; -búnaðr, m. horse-gear; -fœrr, a. able to ride; -gangr, m. set of horse shoes; -gjöf, f. gift of a horse; -hús, n. horse-stall, stable; -klárr, m. hack; -lán, n. loan of a horse; -lauss, a. without a horse.

hestr (-s, -ar), m. (1) stallion (hestar þrír ok merhross eitt); (2) horse.

hest-skeið, n. race-course; -skór, m. horse-shoe; -tönn, f. horse’s tooth; -verð, n. horse’s worth; -víg, n. = hesta-víg; -vörðr, m. mounted guard (halda hestvörð).

hetja, f. hero, dauntless man.

hetju-skapr, m. courage, valour.

hetta, f. (1) hood; (2) a kind of cape.

hey (dat. heyi or heyvi), n. hay; hirða h., to get in hay; pl. stores of hay (hann hefir rænt mik öllum heyjum).

hey-annir, f. pl. hay-making time, haying season; -björg, f. stores of hay (varð all-lítil -björg manna); -des, f. hay-rick; -fang, n. produce of hay; -fátt, a. n., var -fátt, there was little hay; -garðr, m. stack-yard.

heygja (-ta, -tr), v. to bury in a how (haugr), = haugfœra.

hey-gjöf, f. giving hay (to horses or cows); -hjálmr, m. hay-rick; -hlass, n. load of hay.

heyja (hey; háða, háiðr), v. (1) to hold, conduct (h. þing, dóm); h. gleði to indulge in mirth; h. sér orðfjölda to acquire a store of words; (2) h. orrostu, bardaga, hólmgöngu to fight a battle or duel (hann hafði margar orrostur háðar); refl., heyjast við (viz. bardaga), to fight, bandy words (þeir háðust þar við um stund).

heykjast (t), v. refl. to bend, cower down (h. niðr).

hey-kleggi, m. = hey-des; -kostr, m. stores of hay; -lauss, a. short of hay; -leiga, f. rent paid in hay; -leysi, n. failure in hay; -lítill, a. short hay; var hey-litit, there was little hay.

heyra (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to hear; h. heyrir þat, er gras grœr á jörðu, hears the grass grow; h. illa, hard of hearing; h. e-t til e-s, to hear (a sound) from one; hefir hvárki heyrt til hans styn né hosta, neither groan nor cough has been heard from him; heyrir blástr (acc.) hans í alla heima, when he blows, it can he heard in all the worlds; (2) to listen to, give ear to; h. bœn e-s, to listen to (to grant) one’s prayer; h. á e-t, to listen (= hlýða á e-t); (3) h. til e-s or e-m til, to belong to, concern (þetta mál, er heyrir til dóttur þinnar); þat er til mín heyrir, as far as I am concerned; (4) with dat. to behave (mér heyrir eigi at þegja við yðr); (5) refl. e-m heyrist e-t, one thinks he hears; þá heyrðist þeim öllum sem sveinninn kvæði þetta, they all thought they heard the boy say this (verse).

heyrandi (pl. -endr), m. hearer; í heyranda (gen. pl.) hljóði, in the hearing of all, in public.

heyrðr, pp. (1) able to hear (h. vel); (2) listened to, paid heed to, esteemed (biskup vel heyrðr).

heyri-ligr, a. becoming; mér er -ligt at, it is incumbent on me to.

heyrin-kunnigr, -kunnr, a. well known, known to all.

heyrn, f. hearing; í h. e-m, in one’s hearing; sumt ritaði hann eptir sjálfs síns h., from what he heard himself.

heyrum-kunnr, a. = heyrin-kunnr.

hey-sala, f. sale of hay; -stái, n. the middle of a hay-stack; -taka, f. plunder of hay; -teigr, m. strip of a hayfield; -tjúga, f. pitchfork; -verð, n. payment for hay; -verk, n. hay making; -vöndull, m. wisp of hay; -þrot, n. want of hay; -þrota, a. indecl. short of hay; -önn, f. = -annir.

hifna-, = himna-.

higat, adv. = hingat.

hildi-leikr, m. game of war, battle (poet.); -meiðr, m. warrior (poet.).

hildingr (-s, -ar), m. chief, hero.

hildr (gen. hildar, dat. and acc. hildi), f. battle (poet.); vekja bildi, to wage war, to fight.

hilmir (gen. -is), m. chief, prince.

himbrin, n. great northern diver.

himin-bora, f. = -rauf; -fastr, a. fixed in heaven (of stars); -geisli, m. heavenly beam; -jöðurr, m. the rim of heaven; -lopt, n. the vault of heaven.

himinn (gen. himins, dat. himni; pl. himnar), m. heaven; undir berum himini, in the open air.

himin-raufar, f. pl. the windows of heaven; -ríki, n. kingdom of heaven; -skaut, n. quarter of heaven; -tungl, n. heavenly body; -vangr, m. field of heaven (á -vanga).

himna-brauð, n. bread of heaven, manna; -dróttinn, m. king of heaven; -fagnaðr, m. heavenly joy; -mjöl, n. flour of heaven, manna; -ríki, n. kingdom of heaven; -vald, n. heavenly power; -vist, f. abode in heaven.

himneskr, a. heavenly.

hind, f. hind (female of ‘hjörtr’).

hindra (), v. (1) to keep behind, hinder; (2) to loiter, linger; h. eptir e-u, to loiter about a thing; (3) impers., e-n hindrar e-t, one wants or lacks a thing.

hindri, a. compar. (rare), hindra dags, the next day.

hindr-vitni, f. idolatry, superstition.

hingat, adv. hither; -burðr, m. the birth of Christ; -ferð, f. journey hither; -för, f. journey hither; -kvæma, f. coming hither, arrival.

hinka (), v. to limp, hobble.

hinkr, n. loitering, delay.

hinn (hin, hitt), dem. pron. (1) the other; á hinn fótinn, on the other leg; pl. the others, the rest (Kimbi bar sár sín engan mun betr en hinir); (2) emphatically, that; hitt ek hugða, that was what I thought; hitt vil ek vita, that I want to know.

hinn (hin, hit), def. art., before an adjective standing alone or followed by a substantive, the, = inn, enn (eptir hinni eystri kvísl).

hinna, f. film, membrane.

hinnig (= hinneg, hinnog), adv. (1) there, in the other place, opp. to ‘hér’; (2) the other way (= hinn veg); (3) thus, so; (4) the other day formerly; (5) hither.

hinztr (hinnstr), a. superl. hindmost, last; hinzta sinni, for the last time; h. fundr, the last meeting.

hirð, f. a king’s or earl’s bodyguard; the king’s men (hann hefir á h. um sik sem konungr).

hirða (-rða, -rðr), v. (1) to keep in a box or chest (Ásgerðr hirði slœðurnar, þar sem áðr vóru); (2) h. hey, to gather in hay; (3) to hide, conceal; (4) to mind, care for (aldregi hirði ek þat); h. eigi um e-t, not to care about (þeir hirðu ekki um líf sitt); hirð eigi, hirðit eigi, do not seek (hirð eigi þú at hopa á hæl!).

hirð-biskup, m. king’s bishop; -bróðir, m. comrade of the king’s men; -búnaðr, m. apparel for king’s man.

hirðir (-is, -ar), m. herdsman, shepherd; pastor.

hirð-lið, n. the king’s troops; -ligr, a. belonging to the king’s men, courtly (-lig málsnild); -lög, n. pl. laws and statutes of the king’s men, their community or fellowship (taka e-n í -lög); -maðr, m. king’s men.

hirðmanna-lúðr, m. a trumpet belonging to the king’s men; -stefna, f. a hustings of the king’s men.

hirð-mær, f. court lady; -prestr, m. king’s chaplain; -prúðr, a. cour teous; -prýði, f. royal pomp; -siðir, m. pl. the customs of the king’s men; -stefna, f. meeting of the king’s men; -stjóri, m. the captain of the king’s men; -stjórn, f. the dignity of a stjóri; -stofa, f. king’s hall; -sveit, f. the host of king’s men; -vist, f. the position of a king’s man.

hirðu-leysa, f. carelessness, neglect.

hirsi, n. millet.

hirta (-rta, -rtr), v. to chastise.

hirting, f. chastisement.

hirtingar-lauss, a. unchastised; -leysi, n. want of chastisement; -orð, n. pl. severe words; -samr, a. severe.

hirzla, f. (1) keeping; (2) box, chest.

hita, f. heating, heat.

hiti, m. heat, warmth.

hitna (), v. to become hot; impers., e-m hitnar, one gets hot (warm).

hitta (-tta, -ttr), v. (1) to hit upon, meet with one; h. ráð, to hit upon a device; h. leiðina, to find one’s way; absol., h. inn í váginn, to find the way into the bay; sjaldan hittir leiðr í lið, an unwelcome guest always misses the feast; h. í vandræði, to get into scrapes; h. á e-t, to hit upon (hitti hann þar á þórolf); (2) to hit, strike (spjótit hitti í brjóst hestsins); (3) to visit, call on, see (fóru þá margir menn at h. Hákon konung); (4) refl., hittast, to meet one another; hann bað þá vel fara ok heila h. (meet again safe and sound).

hitu-eldr, m. a fire for heating (brewing); -hús, n. brew-house; -ketill, m. boiler.

hixta (-xta, -xt), v. to hiccough; to sob; meðan í önd hixti, while the breath rattled in his throat.

hixti, m. hiccough; sobbing.

hí-býli, n. see ‘hý-býli’.

híð, n. lair, den, esp. of a bear.

híð-björn, m. common bear.

hít, f. skin-bag.

hjal, n. chatter, talk.

hjala (), v. to chatter, talk (h. e-n); hjalast við, to talk together.

hjaldr (-rs), m. fight, battle (poet.).

hjal-drjúgt, a. n. talkative, chatting; þeim verðr -drjúgt, they have much to say.

hjalli, m. ledge in a mountain side.

hjallr, m. (1) scaffold, frame of timber; (2) shed (for drying fish).

hjals-kona, f. female friend.

hjalt, n. (1) the boss or knob at the end of a sword hilt (eptra, efra hjaltit); (2) the guard between the hilt and blade (fremra hjaltit).

Hjalt-land, n. Shetland; -lendingr (-s, -ar), m. Shetlander; -lenzkr, -neskr, a. from Shetland.

hjara, f. hinge, = hjarri.

hjarðar-sveinn, m. = hjarð-sveinn.

hjarð-hundr, m. shepherd’s hound; -reki, m. = -sveinn; -rækr, a. able to drive a drove; -sveinn, m. shepherd boy; -tík, f. shepherd’s dog.

hjarn, n. hard frozen snow.

hjarna (), v. to revive, recover strength (h. við).

hjarni, m. brain, = heili.

hjarn-skál, m. brain pan, skull.

hjarri, m. hinge.

hjarsi, m. the crown of the head.

hjarta (pl. hjörtu, gen. hjartna) n. (1) heart; (2) mind, feeling.

hjarta-blauðr, a. cowardly; -blóð, n. heart’s blood; -góðr, a. kind-hearted; -ligr, a. hearty; -prúðr, a. stout-hearted, generous; -prýði, f. stoutness of heart, courage; -ragr, a. = -blauðr; -rœtr, f. pl. heart strings; -sár, n. heart wound; -tregi, m. heart-ache.

hjart-blóð, n. = hjarta-blóð; -fólginn, pp. heart-felt, cherished in heart; -mörr, m. the fat about the heart; -næmr, a. heart-touching; -sári, a. heart-sore, broken-hearted.

hjart-skinn, n. deer-skin (hjartskinns glófar).

hjassi, m. see ‘hjarsi’.

hjassi, m. a fabulous beast.

hjá, prep. with dat. (1) by, near; liggja (sitja) h. e-m, to lie (sit) by one; sofa (hvíla) hjá e-m, to sleep with one; h. durunum, near (close to) the door; (2) by, with; vera h. e-m, to stay with one; vera í gistingu h. e-m, to lodge with one; maðr einn var eptir h. honum, was left with him; (3) present; svá at Flosi var h., in the presence of F.; (4) past, by; fara, ganga h. e-m, to go by, pass one (mánaði síðarr fóru þeir h. mér kátir); farast h., to pass by one another; fara h. sér, to go beside oneself; fram h. Knafahólum, past K.; þeir riðu h. fram, they rode by; (5) in comparison with (to); höfðu þeir fátt kvikfjár h. því sem þurfti, they had few live stock in comparison with what was needed.

hjá-bú, n. out-lying estate; -hvíla, f. concubinage; -kona, f. concubine; -leikr, m. trick.

hjálmaðr, pp. helmed.

hjálm-barð, n. helmet-rim; -bönd, n. pl. helmet strings; -drótt, f. helmed host, war host; -gjörð, f. rim of a helmet; -höttr, m. helmet-hood (a kind of cowl put over the helmet); -laukr, m. a kind of leek, garlic.

hjálmr (-s, -ar), m. (1) helm, helmet; (2) rick (of hay or barley).

hjálm-stafr, m. warrior (poet.); -stofn, m. the head; -vítr, f. ‘helm-wight’, Valkyrie.

hjálmun-völr, hjálm-völr, m. tiller of a helm.

hjálp (-ar, -ir), f. help.

hjálpa (help; halp or hjalp, hulpum; hólpinn), v. (1) to help (h. e-m); h. e-m við = h. e-m; (2) to save (h. lífi sínu); refl. to be saved (þá munu vér hjálpast allir saman).

hjálpa (), v. = prec.

hjálpar-gata, f. a way to help.

hjálpari, m. helper, saviour.

hjálpar-lauss, a. helpless; -maðr, m. (1) helper; (2) one saved; ek mun vera -maðr, ef, I shall be saved, if; -ráð, n. helping advice.

hjálp-lauss, a. helpless; -leysi, n. helplessness; -ráð, -ræði, n. helping advice; help, means of saving; -samligr, a. helpful, salutary; -semd, f. help, salvation; -vænligr, a. promising help, likely to help, salutary; -vænn, a. = -vænligr.

hjá-máll, a. refractory, obstinate; -staða, f. assistance; -stigr, m. by-path; -tœkr, a. missing one’s hold; -vera, -vist, f. presence.

hjól, n. wheel (vagnar á hjólum); brjóta á hjóli, to break (a person) on the wheel.

hjól-vagn, m. cart on wheels.

hjón or hjún, n. (1) one of the household (griðkona var hit þriðja h.); (2) pl. married couple, man and wife (Höskuldr bað hana vinna þeim hjónum); (3) domestic, servant (ef þú sýnir skilríki, at hann sé þitt h. = þinn vinnumaðr); rézt hann þar at hjóni, he took service there.

hjóna, n. = hjón (rare).

hjóna-band, n. matrimony; -lið, n. domestic servants; -ligr, a. connubial; -skilnaðr, m. divorce; -tak, n. hiring of servants; -val, n. choice of servants (eigi hefik dyggt h.).

hjón-margr, a., hafa -margt, to have many servants.

hjú (pl. hjú, dat. hjúm), n. = hjón, hjún; (1) þeir ráku hann í stofu ok hjú hans öll, and all his household-people; (2) hjú gørðu hvílu, man and wife went to rest; (3) hann reið heim á Laugaland ok réð sér hjú, and engaged servants.

hjúfra (), v. to weep.

hjúka (), v. to nurse a sick person (h. e-m, h. at or við e-m); refl., to recover strength (hón hjúkast lítt við þessa fœðu).

hjúkan, f. nursing (of a sick person).

hjú-kólfr, m. convivial meeting.

hjún, n. = hjón.

hjúpa (), v. to shroud (a corpse).

hjúpr, m. a kind of doublet.

hjúskapar-band, n. bond of matrimony; -far, n. cohabitation; -mál, n. a case referring to marriage; -ráð, n. pl. the contracting of matrimony; -samlag, n. wedlock.

hjú-skapr, m. matrimony.

hjölp (gen. hjalpar), f. = hjálp.

hjörð (gen. hjarðar, dat. hjörðu; pl. hjarðir), f. herd, flock.

hjör-drótt, f. sword-company; -leikr, m. ‘sword-play’, fight; -lögr, m. ‘sword-liquid’, blood (poet.).

hjörr (gen. hjarar and hjörs, dat hjörvi), m. sword.

hjör-stefna, f. ‘sword-meeting’, battle, fight (poet.).

hjörtr (gen. hjartar, dat. hirti; pl. hirtir, acc. hjörtu), m. hart, stag.

hjör-undaðr, pp. wounded by a sword; -þing, n. = -stefna.

hlað, n. (1) pile, stack; (2) pavement (in front of a homestead); (3) border, lace-work; feldr búinn hlöðum, a laced cloak.

hlaða (hleð; hlóð, hlóðum; hlaðinn), v. (1) to pile up (h. korni í hjálma); h. grjóti (hellum) at höfði oðrum, to be present at another’s burial, to survive; (2) to build, with acc. (h. vegg, vörðu); (3) to load, esp. lade a ship (h. skip e-u, af e-u, með e-u); kistur hlaðnar af gulli, chests laden with gold; (4) to fell, lay prostrate, with dat. (gátu þeir hlaðit honum um síðir ok bundu hann); h. seglum, to take in sail; (5) to slay (bera vápn á Finnana ok fá hlaðit þeim); (6) refl., hlaðast at, to throng, crowd; vér viljum eigi, at fjölmenni hlaðist at (throng to see), er vér erum afklæddir; hlaðast á mara bóga, to mount the horses.

hlaða, f. store-house, barn.

hlað-búð, f. a booth with walls of turf or stones.

hlað-búinn, pp. ornamented with lace, laced (= hlöðum búinn).

hlaði, m. pile, stack.

hlakka (), v. (1) to cry, scream (of the eagle); (2) to rejoice; h. yfir e-u, to exult over a thing.

hlamm, n. a dull, heavy sound.

hlamma (), v. (1) to give a dull, heavy sound; (2) to exult.

hland, n. urine; -ausa, -skjóla, f., -trog, n. urine trough.

hlass, n. cart-load.

hlaup, n. (1) leap, jump (Egill hljóp yfir díkit, en þat var ekki annara manna h.); (2) run, running; taka h., to take to running, to run (hann tók h. heim til herbergis); vera í hlaupum ok sendiförum, to run on errands; (3) a sudden rise (in a river), flood, freshet (hlaup kom í ána); (4) assault (= frumhlaup).

hlaupa (hleyp; hljóp, hljópum; hlaupinn), v. (1) to leap, jump (hann hljóp meirr en hæð sina); hljópu þeir á hesta sína, they sprang upon their horses; h. fyrir borð, útbyrðis, to leap overboard; h. á sund, to leap into the water; h. upp, to spring to one’s feet, start up (þá hljópu varðmerm upp); (2) = renna, to run (þeir hlaupa eptir, en hann kemst á skóg undan); refl., hlaupast á brott, to run away; (3) of a river, to flood; hljópu vötn fram ok leysti árnar, the waters rose in flood and the ice was broken; of ice, mikit svell var hlaupit upp (there was a great sloping sheet of ice) öðru megin fljótsins; (4) with preps., h. at e-m, h. á e-n, to attack one; h. á, to come suddenly on, spring up, of a gale (þá hljóp á útsynningr steinóði); h. saman, of a wound, to heal over; h. í sundr, to open up again (sárit var hlaupit í sundr).

hlaupa-far, n. assault; pl. -för, uproar; -piltr, m. errand boy.

hlaupari, m. (1) landlouper; (2) charger (horse).

hlaup-ár, n. leap-year.

hlaupingi (pl. -jar), m. landlouper, runaway.

hlaup-óðr, a. in a great flurry; -rífr, a. precipitate; -stigr, m. run-away-path (taka e-n á þeim -stigi).

hlaut, f. blood of sacrifice.

hlaut-bolli, m. sacrificial bowl; -teinn, m. sacrificial twig (for sprinkling the blood with).

hlaut-viðr, m. rod immersed in sacrificial blood, divination rod.

hláka, f. thaw.

hlána (), v. to thaw (veðr tók at þykkna ok hlána).

hlátr (gen. -rar and -rs), m. laughter; reka upp h., to burst out laughing; hafa e-t at hlátri, to ridicule, make a laughing-stock of.

hlátr-mildr, a. prone to laughing.

hlé, n. (1) shelter; (2) lee, lee side; sigla á h., to stand to leeward.

hlé-barðr, m. (1) leopard (also poet. bear, wolf); (2) shield (poet.).

hlé-borð, n. the lee side.

hleði, m. shutter (= hleri).

hléðr, a. famous, renowned (?).

hleifr (-s, -ar), m. loaf.

hleifs-efni, n. dough for a loaf.

hleina (-da), v. to guard oneself (?).

hlekkjast (t), v., in the phrase, e-m hlekkist á, one gets impeded, suffers miscarriage.

hlekkr (-s or -jar; pl. -ir), m. link; pl. a chain of links.

hlemmr (-s, -ar), m. trap-door.

hlenni, m. robber (poet.).

hlenni-maðr, m. robber, thief.

Hlér (gen. Hlés), m. the Sea.

hler, n. listening; standa á hleri, to stand eaves-dropping or listening.

hlera (), v. to listen.

hleypa (-ta, -t), v. (1) to make one run or go; to move or impel in some way; h. njósnarmönnum á land upp, to send spies ashore; hleypti hann annarri brúninni ofan á kinnina, he let one eye-brow sink upon the cheek; h. hurð í lás, to shut a door; h. ánni í veg sinn, to lead the river into its channel; h. e-u á e-n, to cause to fall upon one (hleypti Gróa skriðu á þá); hann hleypir út vatni miklu ór sullinum, he presses much water out of the sore; h. ór e-m auganu, to poke the eye out; (2) to throw off (h. heimdraganum); h. akkerum, to cast anchors; (3) h. berki af trjám, to cut the bark off the trees; h. upp dóminum, to break up the court (by violence); (4) to gallop, ride swiftly = h. hesti (Hrungnir varð reiðr ok hleypti eptir honum).

hleypi-fífl, n. a headlong fool; -flokkr, m. band of rovers; -för, f. ramble, roving; -hvel, n. a kind of war engine; -maðr, m. rover.

hleyping, f. galloping.

hleypi-piltr, m. errand-boy; -skip, n., -skúta, f. swift boat.

hleyta-menn, m. pl. kinsmen.

hleyti, n. (1) part = leyti; (2) pl. affinity; gøra h., bindast hleytum við e-n, to marry into another’s family.

hlið, n. (1) gate, gateway (h. heitir á garði); (2) wide gap; (3) space, interval (var hvergi h. í milli); (4) space of time; pause, halt (eptir þat varð h. á orrostunni).

hlið (pl. -ar), f. side; standa á aðra h. e-m, to stand on one side of one; á tvær hliðar e-m, on either side of one; á allar hliðar, on all sides.

hliða (), v. to give way, recede (h. undan, h. fyrir e-m); refl., hliðast, to become open.

hlið-farmr, m. ‘side-burthen’, load (-farmr Grana); -lauss, a. without a gate or opening (veggir -lausir); -mæltr, pp. said in oblique speech.

Hlið-skjálf, f. the seat of Odin.

hlið-skjár, m. side window; -veggr, m. side wall.

hlið-vörðr, m. porter.

hlíð (pl. -ir), f. mountain side, slope (fagrar hlíðir grasi vaxnar).

hlíf (pl. -ar), f. cover, shelter, protection, esp. shield.

hlífa (-ða, -t), v. (1) to shelter, protect, with dat. (h. sér með skildi, en vega með sverði); (2) to spare, deal gently with (mun ek ekki h. þér í gørðinni); refl., hlífast við e-n, to spare one (hann hlífðist þá við engan mann); h. við at gøra e-t, to refrain from doing a thing; h. við, to hold back (sumir hlífðust við mjök).

hlífar-lauss, a. uncovered.

hlífð, f. protection, defence.

hlífðar-lauss, a. = hlífarlauss; -staðr, m. safe place; -vápn, n. weapon of defence.

hlífi-skjöldr (hlíf-skjöldr), m. shield of defence (hafa e-n at -skildi).

hlít, f. sufficiency, satisfaction; til (nökkurrar) hlítar, tolerably, pretty well; at góðri h., very well indeed.

hlíta (-tta, -tt), v. (1) to rely on, trust, with dat. (hlítir Ástríðr ekki öðrum konum at því at þjóna honum í lauginni); (2) to rest satisfied with, be content with (var hann kvæntr, en hlítti þó eigi þeirri einni saman); eigi má því einu h., er bezt þykkir, one must put up with something short of the best; eigi mun minna við h., less than that will not do; eigi muntu því einu fyrir h., thou shalt not get off with that; (3) to submit to, abide by (h. sætt, h. órskurði, dómi, ráðum e-s).

hljóð, n. (1) silence, hearing; biðja (kveðja sér) hljóðs, to beg (ask for) a hearing (Njáll kvaddi sér hljóðs); fá h., to get a hearing; þegja þunnu hljóði, to keep a watchful silence; af hljóði, í hljóði, in all stillness, silently; (2) sound (Þorfinnr kom engu hljóði lúðrinn); koma á h. um e-t, to become aware of; drepr h. ór e-m, one is struck dumb; (3) musical sound, tune; (4) trumpet (h. Heimdallar = Gjallarhorn).

hljóða (), v. to sound (hverr stafr hljóðar með löngu hljóði eða skömmu).

hljóðaðr, a. sounding; sorgsamliga h., having a plaintive note.

hljóða-grein, f. distinction of sound, accentuation.

hljóðan, f. sound, tune.

hljóð-bjalla, f. tinkling bell; -fall, n. consonancy; -fegrð, f. euphony; -fyllandi, m., -fylling, f. = stuðill; -fœri, n. musical instrument; -góðr, a. well-tuned; -látr, a. reticent, taciturn; -leikr, m. silence, sadness; -liga, adv. in all stillness, silently; -ligr, a. silent; -lyndr, a. taciturn; -læti, n. stillness; -mikill, a. shrill-sounding; -mæli, n. secrecy; fœra e-t í -mæli, to hush up.

hljóðna (), v. to become silent; þar til hljóðnar um mál þessi, till the noise about it subsides.

hljóðr (hljóð, hljótt), a. silent, taciturn; tala hljótt, to speak in a low voice; láta hljótt um sik, to keep quiet: var hljótt, there was silence.

hljóð-samliga, adv. = hljóðliga; -samr, a. = hljóðr; -semd, -semi, f. stillness, calmness.

hljóðs-grein, f. (1) a kind of sound; (2) pronunciation; (3) accentuation.

hljóð-stafr, m. vowel.

hljómr (gen. -s), m. sound, tune.

hljóta (hlýt; hlaut, hlutum; hlotinn), v. (1) to get by lot, to have allotted to oneself (hón hlaut at sitja hjá Björgólfi); (2) to get (h. sigr); margir hlutu gott af hans ráðum, many benefited by his counsels; (3) to undergo, suffer (h. högg, úför, harm); (4) to be obliged to; svá mun nú h. at vera, it must needs be so; fara hlýtr þú með mér, thou must go with me; (5) refl., hljótast af e-u, to result or proceed from (mun hér h. af margs manns bani); hlauzt svá til, at þá tunn átti Ingimundr, it so happened that.

hlotnast (), v. refl. to fall to lot (e-m hlotnast e-t).

hlóa, v. to be boiling hot.

Hlóðyn (gen. -ynjar), f. the Earth.

hlummr (-s, -ar), m. handle of an oar.

hlumr (-s, -ir), m. (1) = hlummr; (2) roller = hlunnr.

hlunka (), v. to give a dull, hollow sound (brúin hlunkaði undir hófunum hestanna).

hlunn-goti, m. poet. ship.

hlunnindi, n. pl. emoluments.

hlunnr (-s, -ar), m. roller for launching or drawing up ships.

hlunn-vigg, n. poet. = -goti.

hlust (pl. -ir), f. ear (= eyra).

hlusta (), v. to listen (h. til e-s).

hluta (), v. (1) to draw (cast) lots for a thing (h. e-t or h. um e-t); (2) to select by lot (vóru menn hlutaðir til skipstjórnar); (3) refl., hlutaðist svá til, at, it so turned out that (= hlauzt svá til, at); hlutast til e-s, to meddle with a thing (ekki hefi ek hlutazt til málaferla, yðvarra); h. til með em, to assist one in a case.

hlut-deila (-da, -dr), v. to meddle with a thing (-deila e-t); -deilinn, a. meddlesome; -deilni, f. meddlesomeness; -drjúgr, a. lucky, getting the better share; -fall, n. casting of lots; leggja e-t til -falls, to settle a thing by drawing lots; bjóða til -falla, to bid one proceed to cast lots; -gengr, a. up to the mark; -gengr við e-n, equal to one, a match for one; -girni, f. = -deilni; -gjarn, a. = -deilinn.

hluti, m. (1) part (í þeim hluta veraldar); at mínum hluta, for my part, as far as I am concerned; (2) share, lot; gera á hluta e-s, to wrong one; eptir er enn yðarr h., your part (of the work) remains yet.

hlut-lauss, a. not partaking in, having taken no part in (-lauss eðr sýkn af manndrápi); -laust, adv., ríða -laust, to pass free, unmolested.

hlutr (-ar, -ir), m. (1) lot; bera (leggja) hluti í skaut, to throw the lots into a cloth (lap of a garment); skera (marka) hluti, to mark the lots; (2) amukt, talisman (h. er horfinn or pússi þínum); (3) share, allotment, portion (hann fœrði Ølvi skip sin ok kallar þat vera hans hlut); (4) part (of a whole); höggva í tvá hluti, to cut in two parts; mestr h. liðs, the most part of the company; meiri h. dómanda, the majority of the judges; tveim hlutum dýrra, twice as dear; (5) participation; eiga hlut í e-u or at e-u, to have part in, be concerned in (mér uggir, at hér muni eigi gæfumenn hlut í eiga); þar er þú ættir hlut at, wherein thou wast concerned; (6) condition, position, lot; eiga hlut e-s, to be in one’s place (position); ef þú ættir minn hlut, if thou wert in my place; láta hlut sinn, to be worsted; sitja yfir hlut e-s, to oppress, weigh a person down; leggja hlut sinn við e-t, to cast in one’s lot with, to espouse a cause; hafa (fá) hærra, meira (lægra) hlut, to get the best (worst) of it; (7) thing; allir hlutir, all things; kynligr h., a strange thing; um alla hluti, in all things, in all respects.

hlut-ræningr, m. one robbed of his share; verða -ræningr e-s or fyrir e-m, to be unfairly dealt with; -samr, a. meddlesome (um e-t); -seigr, a. tenacious, obstinate; -skipti, n. (1) sharing; (2) booty; (3) share, lot; -sæll, a. getting the best share; -takandi, -takari, m. partaker; -vandr, a. upright, honest; -verk, n. work allotted, task.

hlykkjóttr, a. crooked.

hlykkr (-s, -ir), m. bend, curve.

hlymja (hlym, hlumda, hlumit), v. to make a loud noise.

hlymr (-s, -ir), m. a resounding noise (hlymr var at heyra).

hlynna (-ta, -t), v. to prepare the way for one (h. fyrir e-m).

hlynr (-s, -ir), m. maple tree.

hlý, n. warmth (sumar-hlýit).

hlýða (-dda, -tt), v. (1) to listen (eyrum hlýðir hann, en augum skoðar); h. e-m, to listen (give ear) to one; h. messu, tíðum, to hear mass, attend service; h. á e-t or til e-s, to listen to (sitja menn þar umhverfis ok hlýða til sögunnar); (2) to yield to, obey (h. ráðum, orðum e-s); (3) to do, be permissible or proper; hlýðir það hvergi (it will not do) at hafa eigi lög í landi; engum öðrum skyldi þat h., nobody else should dare to do so; Einar lét engum h. móti at mæla, E. would not hear of any one’s gainsaying; (4) refl. to listen (hann hlýðist um, hvárt nökkurir vekti); to be allowable (konungr sagði, at þeim skyldi þat ekki hlýðast).

hlýðinn, a. (1) willing to give ear to one, compliant (hann var h. vinum sínum um öll góð ráð); (2) yielding homage to one.

hlýð-samt, a. n. suitable, proper; vera h., = hlýða (3).

hlýðnast (), v. refl. to obey (ef þér vilið mér hlýðnast).

hlýðni, f. obedience, homage; -brot, n. disobedience (við e-n); -mark, n. token of obedience.

hlýja (hlý, hlýða, hlúit), v. to cover, shelter (hlýrat henni börkr né barr).

hlýr, n. (1) cheek; h. roðnaði, her cheek reddened; (2) bow of a vessel, = kinnungr; (3) the flat of an axe.

hlýr-bjartr, a. having brightly painted bows (of a vessel).

hlýri, m. friend, brother (poet.).

hlæja (hlæ; hló, hlógum; hleginn), v. (1) to laugh; h. hátt, to laugh loud; h. at e-u, to laugh at; þau tíðendi, er þeim hló hugr við, that gladdened their hearts; (2) h. e-n, to laugh at, deride one.

hlær (hlæ, hlætt), a. warm, mild (veðr var þykkt ok hlætt).

hlœða (-dda, -ddr), v. (1) to lade (h. skip); h. hest, to load, saddle, a horse; (2) with dat. to load (þú munt gulli h. á Grana bógu).

hlœgi, n. ridicule; fá e-m, hlœgis, to make one a laughing-stock.

hlœgi-liga, adv. laughably; -ligr, a. laughable; -máll, -málugr, -orðr, a. humorous.

hlœgja (-ði), v. to make one laugh; þat hlœgir mik, at, it makes me glad, I am rejoiced, that.

hlœg-ligr, a. = hlœgiligr.

hlöðu-dyrr, f. pl. door of a barn; -vindauga, n. barn window.

hløra (), v. = hlera.

hnafa (hnóf), v. to cut off (rare).

hnakka-bein, n. neck-bone; -filla, f. the flesh and skin on the nape.

hnakk-band, n. anchor cable.

hnakki, m. the back of the head, nape of the neck.

hnakk-miði, m. anchor-buoy.

hnakkr, m. (1) nape = hnakki; (2) stool = knakkr.

hnefa (), v. to clasp with the fist.

hnefa-högg, n. a blow with the fist; -tafl, n. a kind of chess.

hnefi, m. (1) closed hand, fist; (2) the king in hnefa-tafl.

hnef-tafl, n. = hnefatafl.

hneigja (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to bow, bow down, bend, incline; h. sik, to make a bow; h. sik til við e-n, to bow down, pay homage to one; h. e-m, to bow down to one; h. eptir e-m, to be biassed towards one; (2) refl., hneigjast, to lean; h. af villu, to forsake heresy; h. til e-s, to lean towards a person; h. fyrir fortölur e-s, to be swayed by another’s persuasions.

hneisa, f. disgrace, shame (gera, vinna, e-m hneisu). Cf. ‘neisa’.

hneisa (-ta, -tr), v. to disgrace (h. e-n). Cf. ‘neisa’.

hneisu-liga, adv. (1) disgracefully; (2) insultingly.

hneita (-tta, -ttr), v. to cut (rare).

hnekking, f., hnekkir, m. check, rebuff (hafa hnekking).

hnekki-stikill, m. bump on the head.

hnekkja (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to drive back, with dat. (síðan lét Egill h. nautunum út á mýrar); h. e-m frá, to repel, repulse; (2) to check, thwart, prevent; h. för sinni, to halt and go back again; h. vándu ráði, to prevent an evil deed; (3) to fall back, withdraw (hnekkja Írar nú frá).

hneppa (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to curtail; hneppt em ek at brœðrum, I am bereft of brothers; (2) to thrust, force (Hrólfr hneppti hann undir sik, ok setti kné fyrir brjóst honum); h. fólk í þrælkan, to keep a people bound in thraldom.

hneppi-liga, adv. scarcely, scantily.

hneppr, a. scant; ætla hneppt til jólanna, to make scant provision for Christmas.

hneri, m. sneeze, sneezing.

hneyking, f. shame, disgrace.

hneykja (-ta, -tr), v. to put to shame, confound, with acc. (h. grimmleik heiðinna þjóða).

hneyksli, n. disgrace, dishonour; -yrði, n. pl. foul language, calumny.

hnigna (), v. to begin to sink, decline (e-rr er, gerist, hnignandi).

hnipinn, a. drooping, downcast.

hnipna (), v. to become downcast, to droop (hnipnaði þá Grani).

hnippa (-ta, -t, or ), v. to poke; hnippadði kolli hverr at öðrum, they laid their heads together, nodded significantly; refl., hnippast, to quarrel (= h. við); h. orðum við e-n, to bandy words with one.

hnita (), v. to weld together.

hnit-bróðir, m. ‘near brother’.

hníga (hníg; hné and hneig, hnigum; hniginn), v. (1) to fall gently, sink down (hné Guðrún höll við bólstri); h. at armi e-m, to sink into one’s arms; (2) to flow (hnigu heilög vötn af himinfjöllum); (3) to sink down, fall dead (= h. at velli); h. at grasi, í gras, to bite the grass; (4) to incline, turn; eigi mátti sjá hvernig h. mundi, which way the scale would turn (in a battle); (5) h. til e-s, to turn towards (var jafnan þeirra hlutr betri, er til hans hnigu); h. til liðs, hjálpar við e-n, to side with one pp., hniginn, advanced (stricken) in years, = h. á aldr, h. at aldri; of a door, shut; var hurð hnigin, the door was down; hurð hnigin á hálfa gátt, á miðjan klofa, half shut, half down.

hnípa (-ta, -t), v. to be downcast, droop (hann hnípti í jörðma).

hnísa, f. porpoise.

hníta (hneit, hnitu), v. to strike, wound; hjörr hneit við hjarta, steel touched the heart.

hnjóða (hnýð; hnauð; hnoðinn), v. to rivet, clinch (Helgi hnauð hjalt á sverð).

hnjóð-hamarr, m. rivetting, hammer; also as a nickname.

hnjósa (hnýs, hnaus), v. to sneeze.

hnjóskr, m. touchwood, = fnjóskr.

hnoða, n. clew.

hnoð-saumr, m. clincher nails.

hnoss (pl. -ir), f. costly thing, ornament (hverr vildi mér hnossir velja).

hnot (gen. -ar, pl. hnetr), f. nut.

hnot-skógr, m. nutwood, hazelwood.

hnugginn, pp. bereft (miklu h.).

hnúka (-ta, -t), v. to sit cowering.

hnúta, f. = knúta.

hnyðja, f. club, rammer.

hnykill (gen. -s, dat. hnykli; pl. hnyklar), m. knot, tumor.

hnykka-stafr, m. a kind of peg (?).

hnykking, f. pulling.

hnykkja (-ta, -tr), v. to pull violenty, with dat. (h. e-m til sin); h. e-u upp, to pull up a thing; absol., þykkist sveinninn hafa vel hnykkt, he thought he had made a good pull.

hnýðingr (-s, -ar), m. dolphin.

hnýfil-drykkja, f. drinking-bout.

hnýffil, m. short horn (= knýfill).

hnœfi-ligr, a. taunting (-lig orð).

hnœfil-yrði, n. pl. taunts, gibes.

hnøggr (acc. -van), a. stingy (h. fjár).

hnøri, m. = hneri.

hodd, f. hoard, treasure (poet.).

hof, n. heathen temple.

hof-ferð, f. pride, pomp; -fólk, n. courtiers; -garðr, m. lordly mansion.

hof-goði, m. temple-priest; -gyðja, f. priestess; -helgr, f. temple-feast.

hof-lýðr, m. = hof-fólk; -maðr, m. courtier; gentleman in waiting.

hofs-dyrr, f. pl. temple-doors; -eiðr, m. temple-oath; -goði, m. = hofgoði; -helgi, f. sanctity of a temple; -mold, f. temple-earth, holy mould.

hof-stabr, m. sanctuary; -tollr, m. temple-toll, rate.

hoka, hokra (), v. to crouch (h. eða skríða); h. undan, to slink away.

hol, n. hollow, cavity, esp. cavity of the body; ganga (hlaupa) á h., to pierce to the inwards (of weapons); hit efra h., the cavity of the chest; neðra h., the stomach.

hola, f. hole, hollow.

hola (), v. to make hollow.

hol-blóð, n. blood from the inwards.

hold, n. (1) flesh; svörðr ok h., skin and flesh; bjarnar h., bear’s flesh; (2) pl. fleshiness; -borinn, pp., -borinn bróðir, one’s own brother; -fúi, m. mortification.

holdgan, f. incarnation.

holdgast (), v. refl. to take flesh.

hold-gróinn, pp. grown to the flesh; -ligr, a. carnal (-lig ást); -ligr bróðir, one’s own brother; -lítill, a. lean.

holdr, a. fleshy; vel h., well-fleshed.

hold-rosa, f. fieshy side of a hide; -tekja, f. = holdgan.

hol-fenni, n. hollow pile of snow; -gómr, a. having a hollow palate; -höggvinn, pp. cut into the cavity of the body.

hollendr, m. pl. suppporters.

hollosta, f. faith, loyalty (við e-n).

hollr, a. (1) faithful, loyal (h. e-m); of the gods, gracious (holl regin); (2) wholesome, salutary (holl ráð).

holl-ráðr, a. giving wholesome counsel; -ræði, n. wholesome counsel.

holr, a. hollow; h. innan, hollow within (þetta guð er holt innan).

hol-sár, n. wound in a vital part.

holt, n. (1) wood (opt er í holti heyrandi nær); (2) rough stony ridge.

holt-rið, n. wooded ridge.

hol-und, f. a wound entering the cavity of the body; mortal wound.

holundar-sár, n. = holsár, holund.

hopa (), v. (1) to move backwards; h. hestinum undan, to back the horse; (2) to draw back, retreat (= h. aptr, á hæl, undan).

hoppa (), v. to hop, skip.

hor-digull, m. a clot of mucus hanging from the nose.

horfa (-ða, -t), v. (1) to turn (be turned) in a certain direction; horfði upp eggin, the edge turned upwards; suðr horfðu dyrr, the door looked south; h. baki við e-m, to turn the back against one; h. við e-m, to face one; fig. to set oneself against one (þeir er heldr höfðu við honum horft í sínum huga); (2) to look in a certain way, to have a certain appearance; h. úvænt, to look unpromising (úvænt horfir um sættir); hvárum horfir vænna, who is more likely to get the betler; h. fastliga, erfiðliga, to look difficult; horfir mjök í móti oss, matters look bad for us; horfir til gamans mikils, there is a prospect of much entertainment; (3) refl., Hjalta þótti þá úvænt á horfast, H. thought that matters looked unpromising; horfðust þeir Gizurr höfðum at, he and Gizurr lay with their heads together.

horfa (), v. = hörfa.

horfin-alda, a. indecl. luckless; -heilla, a. indecl. luckless; horfinheilla er mér, luck has left me.

horfinn, pp.; see ‘hverfa (4)’.

horn, n. (1) horn (of cattle); vera harðr í h. at taka, to be hard to take by the horns, hard to deal with; (2) drinking-horn; (3) horn, trumpet (blása í h.); (4) corner, angle; skýtr í tvau h. um e-t, there is a great difference between; skýtr í tvau h. með okkr, we are at variance; (5) nook, corner (in a house).

horna-fláttr, m. flaying a hide with the horns; -skvol, n. noise of horns; -tog, n. a rope round the horns.

horn-blástr, m. sound of trumpets; -bogi, m. horn-bow; -fiskr, m. garfish or green bone; -göfugr, a. proud of his horns; -kerling, f. old woman in the corner; -kona, f. = -kerling; -reka, f. = -kerling; -sil, n. stickle-back; -skafa, f. a scraper made of horn; -spánn, m. horn spoon; -stafr, m. corner pillar in a building.

hornungr (-s, -ar), m. (1) bastard son; (2) scamp, outcast (vera h. e-s).

horr, m. (1) starvation; detta, niðr í hor, to starve to death; (2) mucus from the nose.

horsk-leikr, m. knowledge, wisdom; -ligr, a. wise, noble.

horskr, a. wise (h. ok þögull).

hortugr, a. pert, impertinent.

hosa, f. hose, legging.

hosaðr, pp. wearing hose.

hosna-reim, f., -sterta, f. garter.

hot-vetna, see ‘hvatvetna’.

, interj. hoh! ah! oh!

hóa (), v. to shout ‘hoh’ (h. á féit).

hóf, m. (1) moderation, measure; kunna h., to show (observe) moderation; þá er h. á (or at), then it is all right; at hófi, tolerably, moderately (jarl svarar þessu at hófi vel); e-t gegnir hófi, it is fair; vel er þessu til hófs mikils, this affair is well settled; ór hófi, beyond measure; (2) proportion, equal degree (hefði hann lið at því hófi, sem hann er sjálfr frœkn ok djarfr); (3) judgement (vil ek, at þú hafir þar engis manns h. nema þitt).

hóf, n. feast, banquet.

hóf-gullinn, a. with golden hoof; -hvarf, n. pastern of a horse.

hóf-lauss, a. immoderate; -leysa, f. immoderation, excess; -liga, adv. (1) with moderation; (2) fitly; (3) fairly (munu þeir nú vera -liga hræddir); -ligr, a. moderate.

hófr (-s, -ar), m. hoof (of a horse).

hóf-samligr, -samr, a. moderate temperate; -semd, -semi, f. moderation, temperance.

hóf-skegg, n. fetlock.

hófs-maðr, m. temperate, just man.

hóf-stilling, f. moderation.

hóg-bærr, a. easy to bear; -fœrr, a. lively, light (of a horse); -látr, a. of easy temper; -leiki, m. = -væri; -liga, adv. calmly, meekly; taka -liga á, to touch gently; -ligr, a. easy, gentle; -lífi, n. easy (quiet) life; -lyndi, n. easy temper; -lyndr, a. easy-tempered, peaceable; -læti, n. gentleness; -samr, a. gentle; -semd, f. gentleness; -seta, f. = -lífi; -stýrt pp., n. easy to steer (eigi verðr mér nú -stýrt fótunum); -væra (-ða, -ðr), v. to calm, appease; -værð, f. calmness of mind; -værr, f. calmness of mind; -værligr, -værr, a. gentle, meek of mind.

hól, n. praise, flattery.

hólfa (-di, -t), v. to capsize (þar hólfir skip á sjónum).

hólkr (-s, -ar), m. ring or tube (of metal) on a staff, knife-handle, etc.

hóll (-s, -ar), m. = hváll.

hólm-ganga, f. ‘holm-going’, a duel or wager of battle fought on an islet (hólmr).

hólmgöngu-boð, n. challenging to hólmganga; -lög, n. pl. the law, rules of h.; -maðr, m. duellist; -staðr, m. a place where a ‘hólmganga’ is fought; -sverð, n. a sword used in ‘hólmganga’.

hólmi, m. (1) islet, = hólmr; knoll.

hólm-lausn, f. releasing oneself by paying the ransom after a duel.

hólmr (-s, -ar), m. holm, islet; falla á hólmi, to fall in a duel; skora e-m á min, to challenge one; leysa sik af hólmi, to redeem oneself after a duel.

hólm-staðr, m. = hólmgöngu-staðr; -stefna, f. meeting (duel) on a holm (koma, riða til -stefnu).

hón, pers. pron. she.

hóp, n. a small land-locked bay or inlet (connected with the sea).

hópr (-s, -ar), m. troop, flock, crowd.

hór (gen. hós), m. pot-hook.

hóra (), v. to commit adultery (h. or hórast undir bónda sinn).

hóra, f. whore, harlot.

hóran, f. adultery.

hór-dómr, m. adultery; -karl, m. adulterer; -kerling, f. harlot; -kona, f. adulteress.

hórr (gen. hórs), m. adulterer.

hósta (), v. to cough.

hósti, m. cough, coughing.

hóstr, m.; see ‘óstr’.

hót, n. whit, bit; hóti heldr, a bit more, a good deal more; with superl., hóti líkast, most likely; þat er hóti úmakligast, that is least undeserved.

hót, n. pl. threats; hafa í hótum við e-n, to threaten one.

hóta (), v. to threaten, = hœta (h. e-m); hótan, f. threatening.

hót-samr, a. menacing.

hraða (), v. to hasten, with dat.

hrað-byri, n. a fresh fair wind; -byrja, a. indecl., sigla -byrja, to sail with a strong wind; -farta, a. indecl. = -fœrr; -feigr, a. doomed to instant death; -fœrr, a. fleet, swift (hestr-fœrr); -geði, n. hasty temper; -liga, adv. swiftly; -mæltr, a. quick of speech; -mælt tunga, a glib tongue.

hraðr (hröð, hratt), a. swift, fleet.

hrafn (-s, -ar), m. raven.

hrafh-hvalr, m., a kind of whale; -reyðr, f. a kind of whale; -tinna, f. obsidian or agate.

hrak-, in compds., denoting wretched, vile; -bú, n. wretched household; -dýr, n. hunted deer; -ferð, f. disgraceful journey; -för, f. disgraceful journey; -liga, adv. wretchedly; -ligr, a. wretched, disgraceful; -magr, a. wretchedly thin.

hrakning (pl, -ar), f. wretched treatment, injury, insult (ek hefi af þár heitingar ok hrakning).

hrakningr (-s, -ar), m. = prec.

hrak-yrði, n. foul language.

hramm-dýr, n. beast of prey.

hrammr (-s, -ar), m. bear’s paw.

hrapa (), v. (1) to hurl, with dat. (h. e-m til helvítis); (2) to hurry on, hasten (h. ferð sinni); (3) to rush on, hurry (h. á fund e-s); h. til dauðans: banans, to rush headlong to destruction; (4) to fall, tumble down (hrapaði hann niðr í fjöruna).

hrapaðr, m. hurry; af hrapaði, hurriedly.

hrapal-liga, adv. hurriedly, headlong (fara -liga); -ligr, a. hurried.

hrapan, f. downfall.

hrap-orðr, a. hasty in one’s language (Sæmundr varð við h.).

hrata (), v. (1) to reel, stagger (hann hrataði við, en féll eigi); (2) to tumble down, fall (hrataði hann ofan af þekjunni).

hrati, m. rubbish, trash.

hrauk-tjald, n. rick-formed tent.

hraun, n. (1) rugged ground, wilderness; (2) lava field, lava.

hraun-búi, m. dweller in a ‘hraun’, giant; -hvalr, m. monster of the wilderness.

hraunóttur, a. rugged, stony.

hraust-leikr, m. prowess, valour; -liga, adv. valiantly; -ligr, a. bold, valiant; -mannligr, a. = -ligr; -menni, n. a strong, stout man.

hraustr, a. (1) valiant, doughty; (2) strong, hearty (gamall, en þó h.).

hrá-blautr, a. moist, raw, of hides (nautshúð hráblaut).

hráki, m. spit, spittle.

hrár (hrá, hrátt), a. (1) raw, of meat or food (hrár fiskr, hrátt kjöt); (2) raw, fresh, sappy (h. viðr).

hrá-skinn, n. shelter, refuge; -viði, n. saplings, young plants; -æti, n. raw flesh used asfood.

hreða, f., see ‘hrœða’; hreðulauss, a., see ‘hrœðulauss’.

hreðar, f. pl. the scrotum.

hregg, n. storm, blast (var bæði h. ok regn).

hregg-viðri, n. tempest.

hreiðr, n. bird’s nest.

hrorast (), v. refl. to nestle.

hreiðr-böllr, m. ‘nest-ball’, egg.

hreifi, m. (1) wrist, = úlfliðr; (2) the hand and fingers; (3) seal’s fin, flipper.

hreimr, m. scream, cry.

hreina (-da, -dr), v. to make (swine) squeal (ef svín eru hreind).

hrein-bjálbi, m. reindeer’s skin; -dýri, n. reindeer.

hrein-ferði, n. purity; -ferðugr, a. pure, chaste.

hrein-gálkn, n. poet. wolf (?).

hrein-hjartaðr, a. pure of heart; -látr, a. clean, chaste; -leikr, m. (1) cleanliness; (2) chastity; -lifnaðr, m. = -lífi; -liga, adv. (1) cleanly; (2) with purity; -ligr, a. (1) clean, cleanly; (2) pure; -lífi, n. pure life, chastity; -lífr, a. pure of life; -lyndr, a. pure of heart, upright; -læti, n. cleanness, chastity; -mannligr, a. of noble or manly bearing.

hreinn, a. (1) clean (hrein klæði); (2) bright (hreinir kyndlar, hrein vápn); (3) clear (hrein rödd); (4) pure, sincere.

hreinn (-s, -ar), m. reindeer.

hreinsa (), v. (1) to make clean, cleanse; (2) to purge, clear (h. land af víkingum).

hreinsan, f. cleansing.

hreinsanar-eldr, m. purgatory.

hrein-staka, f. reindeer skin.

hreistr, n. scales (of fish).

hrekja (hrek; hrakta, hröktum; hrakiðr, hraktr), v. (1) to drive away, chase off (h. e-n af máli); (2) to annoy, vex, ill-treat (Sigmundr sagðist heldr vilja h. þá sem mest); h. e-n í orðum, to scold and abuse one; (3) to damage, spoil (h. mál fyrir e-m); absol., h. fyrir e-m, to do damage to one; (4) to abuse (= h. e-n í orðum).

hrekkr (pl. -ir), m. trick, piece of mischief (hrekkir ok slœgðir).

hrekk-vísi, f. trickiness; -víss, a. tricky, mischievous.

hrella (-da, -dr), v. to distress, annoy, trouble (h. e-n).

hrelling, f. anguish, affliction.

hremma (-da, -dr), v. to clutch.

hremsa (), v. = hremma.

hremsa, f. (1) clutch; (2) poet. shaft.

hreppa (-ta, -tr), v. to catch, obtain; en er hann hreppti áverkann, when he received the wound.

hreppa-skil, n. pl. poor-law matters.

hreppr (-s, -ar), m. poor-law district (in Iceland).

hrer, n. corpse, = hrør.

hress, a. hale, hearty, in good spirits.

hressa (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to refresh, cheer; hann bað hann h. sik, he bade him cheer up; refl., hressast, to recover strength, be refreshed; (2) to restore (h. staðinn).

hress-leikr, m. good health.

hret, n. storm, = hregg.

hreyfa (-ða, -ðr), v. to move, stir, with acc.; refl., hreyfast, to put oneself in motion, stir.

hreysar, f. pl. heap of stones.

hreysi, n. (1) = hreysar; (2) cave, den (skríða í hreysi).

hreysi-köttr, m. ermine, weasel.

hreysta (-sta, -str), v. to encourage make valiant; h. sik, to cheer up, take heart or courage.

hreysti, f. valour, prowess.

hreysti-bragð, n. feat of prowess; -liga, adv. stoutly, boldly; -ligr, a, stout, bold; -maðr, m. valiant man; -mannligr, a. gallant, bold; -orð, n. word of prowess; -raun, f. trial of valour; -verk, n. deed of prowess.

hreyta (-tta, -tt), v. to cast, scatter, throw about, with dat. (h. mold-inni, hringum).

hreyting, f. spreading, scattering.

hreyti-speldi, n. top (a child’s toy).

hriflinga-björg, f. hand-to-mouth life (er slíkt kallat -björg).

hrifs, n. robbery, pillaging.

hrifsa (), v. to rob, pillage.

hrifsan, f., hrifsing, f., = hrifs.

hriki m., huge fellow.

hrikja (-þa), v. to creak (rare).

hrinda (hrind; hratt, hrandum; hrundinn), v. (1) to push, thrust, with dat. (hann hratt hestinum í vök eina); var þá hrundit hátnum, the ship’s boat was put out; h. hurð (upp), to push the door open; h. e-m í myrkvastofu, to cast into prison; h. á braut, to drive away; h. skipi fram or út, to launch a ship; impers., hratt stundum fyrir, en stundum frá, the clouds were drifting on and off (the moon); (2) to cast (throw) off (h. harmi, ótta); h. máli, to make a case void, clear oneself of it; h. e-u af e-m, to free one from, rid one of a thing.

hringa (), v. to furnish with a ring.

hringa-brynja, f. coat of ring-mail.

hring-broti, m. ‘breaker of rings’, prince (poet.); -drifi, m. ‘distributor of rings’, prince, king (poet.).

hringing (pl. -ar), f. bell-ringing.

hringja (-da, -t), v. to ring bells.

hringja (-da, -dr), v. to encircle, surround; h. e-u um e-n, to encircle with (cf. kringja um, urnkringja).

hringja, f. buckle.

hring-leginn, pp. coiled up (of a serpent); -leikr, m. ring-dance; -ofmn, pp. woven with rings.

hringr (-s, ar), m. (1) ring, circle; slá hring um e-n, to make a ring around one; í hring, in a circle; hann fór í hring um skipit, he swam in a circle round the ship; með hringum, all around, altogether (brendu upp bœinn Með hringum); (2) ring (on the finger or arm, at the end of a chest, in a door, at the end of the hilt); link (in a chain).

hring-variðr, pp. ‘ring-mounted’; málmr -variðr, a sword with rings.

hrinr, m. howling, screaming.

hrip, m. box of laths, basket.

hripuðr, m. fire (poet.).

hrista (-Sta, -str), v. to shake (h. höfuðit); h. e-t af sér, to shake it off; marir hristust, the horses shook their manes; þeim hristust tennr í höfði, the teeth chattered in their head.

hríð (pl. -ir), f. (1) storm, esp. snowstorm; h. mikla gerði at þeim, laust á fyrir þeim h. mikilli, they were caught by a violent snow-storm; (2) attack, onset, in a battle (hörð, snörp h.); (3) a while; nökkura h., for a while; langa (litla) h., a long (little) while; þessar hríðir allar, all this while; um h., for a while (hann dvaldist þar um h.); um hríðir sakir = um h.; í hríðinni, immediately, at once (hann fór í hríðinni upp til Hofs); hríðum, frequently (stundum í Hvammi, en hríðum at Stað); (4) space, distance (var þó h. löng í millum).

hríð-drepa, a. incled. killed by a snow-storm; -fastr, a. detained by a snow-storm.

hríðóttr, a. stormy (h. vetr).

hríð-viðri, n. storm, tempest.

hrífa (hríf; hreif, hrifum; hrifinn), v. (1) to catch, snatch (h. til e-s); h. við, to take hold, to grip (kasta akkerum, ok hrífa þau við, um síðir); impers., hríft við, it takes effect, it turns out well; (2) to scratch (hann lét h. sér með kömbum).

hrím, n. (1) rime, hoar frost; (2) the black soot on a kettle (ketil-hrím).

hrím-aldl, m. lazy lout.

hrím-drif, n. rime-drift; -frosinn, pp. rimy; -kaldr, a. rime-cold; -kalkr, m. foaming cup; -steinar, m. pl. rime-covered stones; -þursar, m. pl. frost-giants.

hrína (hrín; hrein, hrinum; hrinit), v. (1) to squeal (of swine); h. við, to neigh to a horse (of a mare in heat); (2) h. á (or á e-m), to take effect, esp. of imprecations.

hrís, n. (1) brushwood; (2) faggots.

hrís-byrðr, f. load of faggots; -fleki, m. hurdle of brushwood; -kjarr, n. brushwood.

hrísla, f. sprig of a branch, twig.

hrísóttr, a. grown with shrubs.

hrís-runnr, m. bush.

hrísungr, m. a kind of bastard.

hrjá (hrjái, hrjáða, hrjáðr), v. to vex, harass (a person).

hrjóða (hrýð; hrauð, hruðum; hroðinn), v. (1) to unload (h. skip sín); (2) to strip, disable, esp. a ship in a sea-fight (hann hrauð öll víkingaskipin); (3) impers., hrýðr e-u, it clears away; mun hroðit myrkvanum, the fog will have cleared away; hrauð upp ór honum miklu vatni, he brought up much water; (4) refl., hrauðsk ór skikkju, she threw off her mantle.

hrjósa (hrýss, hraus, hrosit), v., only in the phrase, hrýss mér hugr við, I shudder with horror (ávalt hrýss mér hugr við, er ek sé þik).

hrjóstr, n. barren, rocky place.

hrjóstugr, a. rough, barren.

hrjóta (hrýt; hraut, hrutum; hrotinn), v. (1) to fall, fly, be flung (øxin hraut ór hendi honum); hraut upp hurðin, the door was flung open; eldr hraut ór hlunnunum, fire sprang from the rollers; hrjóta spœnirnir upp í móti honum, the chips flew up into his face; h. í sundr, to be snapped asunder (í sundur hrutu baugar); (2) to snore (hann svaf ok hraut sterkliga).

hrjúfr, a. (1) rough to the touch (h. háls); (2) scurvy.

hroða-ligr, -vænligr, a. likely to cause disturbance.

hroð-gás, f. = hrot-gás.

hroði, m. (1) trash, rubbish; (2) disturbance, riot (h. ok stornir).

hrogn, n. roe, spawn.

hrogn-kelsi, n. lumpfish.

hroka (), v. to fill above the brim.

hroki, m. a heap above the brim.

hrokkin-hárr, -hæðr, a. curlyhaired (bleikhárr ok hrokkinhárr).

hrokkinn, pp. curly (hrokkit hár); wrinkled (hrokkit skinn).

hrokkin-skinna, f. ‘wrinkle-skin’, old woman.

hrolla (-di), v. to shiver, shudder (hrollir hugr minn).

hrollr, m. shivering (from cold).

hross, n. (1) horse; (2) mare.

hrossa-bein, n. pl. horse bones; -fúlga, f. fodder or pay given to keep a horse; -fœtr, m. pl. horses’ hoofs; -gaukr, m. the snipe; -geymsla, f. horse keeping; -hús, n. stable; -höfn, f. horse pasture; -kipping, f. quarrel about horses; -kjöt, n. horse flesh; -kyn, n. horse kin; -maðr, m. groom; -reið, f. = hross-reið; -slátr, n. horse meat; -stóð, n. stud of horses and mares; -stuldr, m., stud of horses and mares; -taka, f. horse stealing; -vöndr, m. horse-whip; -þjófr, m. horse-thief.

hross-bak, n. horseback; á -baki, on horseback; -bein, n. horse’s bone; -eigandi, m. horse-owner; -fellir, m. loss of horses (from hunger or disease); -fjöldi, m. drove of horses; -gjöf, f. the gift of a horse; -gørsemi, f. a treasure of a horse, a valuable horse; -hali, m. horse’s tail; -hauss horse’s head (skull); -hús, n. stable; -hvalr, m. walrus; -höfuð, n. head’s head; -íss, m. ice that is strong enough to ride on; -klyf, f. horse pack; -lifr, f. horse’s liver; -nautn, f. using another’s horse; -neyzla, f. using another’s horse; -reið, f. riding another’s horse; -rófa, f. horse’s tail; -síða, f. horse’s side; -tagl, n. horse’s tail; -verð, n. the worth of a horse; -þjófr, m. horse-stealer; -æta, f. eater of horse-flesh.

hrosti, m. the mash (in brewing).

hrot-gás, f. barnacle-goose.

hrot-garmr, m. ‘howling dog’; -garmr viðar, fire (poet.).

hrotta-meiðr, m. warrior (poet.).

hrotti, m. (1) sword (poet.); (2) a coarse, rude fellow.

hróðr (gen. -rs and -rar), m. praise.

hróðr-baðmr, -barmr, m. the famous branch (the mistletoe); -fúss, a. eager for praise.

hróðugr, a. triumphant, glorious.

hróf, n. shed (under which ships are built or kept).

hrókr (-s, -ar), m. rook (the bird).

hrókr, m. rook, castle (in chess).

hróp, n. slander, foul words.

hrópa (), v. (1) to slander, defame; (2) to shout (h. á e-n).

hróp-yrði, n. pl. slander, calumny.

hrósa (), v. to praise, with dat.; h. sér, to boast; h. sigri, to triumph.

hrósan, f. praise, boasting.

hrósari, m. boaster.

hrufa, f. rough surface, crust.

hrufla (), v. to scratch.

hrukka, f. wrinkle.

hruma (), v. to enfeeble, make infirm; hrumaðr, infirm, worn by age.

hrum-ligr, a. infirm.

hrumr, a. infirm, decrepit, staggering (h. í göngu).

hrundning, f. kicking, pushing.

hrúðr, m. crust, scab on a sore.

hrúga, f. heap (liggja í hrúgu).

hrúgald, n. heap, mass.

hrút-mánaðr, m. the third month of winter (Dec.-Jan.).

hrúðr (-s, -ar), m. ram.

hrúts-fall, n. a ram’s carcase; -gæra, f. the skin and fleece of a ram; -höfuð, n. a ram’s head; -mark, -merki, n. the sign Aries.

hryðju-verk, n. foul deed, outrage.

hrygð, f. affliction, grief, sorrow (mikil hrygð ok hörmung).

hrygðar-búnaðr, m. mourning dress; -búningr, m. mourning dress; -dagr, m. day of sorrow; -efni, n. cause of sorrow; -fullr, a. sorrowful, rueful; -mark, n. token of sorrow; -samligr, a. mournful; -svipr, m. mournful look; -yfirbragð, n. mournful look.

hrygg-afl, n. strength of the back; -bjúgr, a. crook-backed; -brotinn, pp. broken-backed; -brotna (), v. to break one’s back.

hryggiligr, a. mournful, sad.

hryggja (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to distress, grieve, with acc. (ekki hryggja mik hót þín); refl., hryggjast, to become sad or sorrowful; (2) to cause to look sad (h. andlit sitt).

hrygg-knýttr, pp. humpbacked.

hrygg-leikr, m. = hrygð.

hrygg-lundir, f. pl. loins.

hryggr (-jar, -ir), m. (1) backbone, spine; (2) ridge, mountain-ridge.

hryggr (acc. -van), a. afflicted, grieved, sad; er þér hryggt í hug, art thou heavy of heart?

hrygg-spenna (-ta, -tr), v. to clasp the arms round another’s back.

hrygg-sterkr, a. strong-backed.

hryggva, v. = hryggja (old form).

hrygna, f. spawner.

hrym(j)ast (d), v. refl. to become old and infirm; hrymdr, infirm from age (h. bæði at sýn ok elli).

hryn-henda, f. a kind of metre (having lines with four stresses).

hrynja (hryn, hrunda, hruninn), v. (1) to fall in, collapse, topple down (veggrinn hrynr, björgin hrynja); (2) to flow, stream (hrundu tárin á kinnr honum); (3) to fall loosely (klæðit hrundi ofan um hann); látum und hánum h. lukla, let the keys rattle down from his girdle; (4) h. á hæla e-m, to shut upon one’s heels.

hryssa, f. mare (cf. ‘merhryssi’).

hrytr, m. snoring.

hrýgja (-ða, -ðr), v. to heap together (h. hverjum ofan á annan).

hræ (gen. pl. hræva), n. (1) dead body, carrion; (2) fragments (of a thing), scraps.

hræða (-dda, -ddr), v. to frighten; refl., hræðast e-t or við e-t, to be afraid of, to fear, dread.

hræddr, a. afraid (við e-t, of), frightened (at); vera h. um, at, to fear, be afraid, that.

hræði-liga, adv. dreadfully, fearfully; -ligr, a. dreadful, fearful.

hræðinn, a. timid.

hræ-dreyrugr, a. gory.

hræfa (-ða, -t), v., h. um e-t, to bear with, tolerate; má ekki um þat h. lengr, it is no longer tolerable.

hræ-gífr, n. ‘carrion beast’, wolf.

hrækja (-ta, -tr), v. to spit; h. e-u út, to spit out.

hræla (), v. to beat the loom with a weaver’s rod (hræll).

hræll, m. weaver’s rod, slay.

hræ-ljómi, m., -log, n. the light from decomposing matter.

hræva-daunn, hræva-þefr, m. carrion-smell; stench of dead bodies.

hræzla, f. dread, fear.

hræzlu-fullr, a. in great fear; -gœði, n. timidity.

hrœða, f. disquiet, disturbance.

hrœðu-lauss, a. free from disturbance, quiet, peaceable (sjaldan mun -laust vera í þessu heraði).

hrœra (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to move, stir (h. fingrna); h. í katlinum, to stir the pot; h. e-t saman, to mix up (h. saman allt, moldina ok blóðit); (2) refl., hrœrast, to move oneself, to be in motion (þá hrœrist heinin í höfuð Þór); to move from one’s place, to budge, stir (ek ætla héðan hvergi at hrœrast).

hrœrar, m. pl. groin.

hrœriligr, a. movable.

hrœring (pl. -ar), f. (1) motion, stir; (2) inclination.

hrœsinn, a. boasting, vaunting.

hrœsni, f. boasting, bragging.

hrøðast, v. refl. to grow old and decrepit.

hröðuðr, m. ‘the swift one’, poet. name of fire.

hrøkkla (), v. to reel, totter.

hrøkkva (hrøkk; hrökk, hrukkum; hrokkinn), v. (1) to fall back, recoil, be repelled; h. frá, to shrink back; h. fyrir e-m, to give way before one (gekk konungr svá hart fram, at allt hrökk fyrir honum); h. undan, to give way, draw back, retreat (hrukku Baglar þá undan); h. við, to stand at bay, make a stand (verðr Sigvaldi nú við at h.); (2) to curl, of hair (hann hafði gult hár, ok hrökk mjök); (3) to suffice.

hrøkkva (-ta, -tr), v. (1) h. e-u um e-t, to lash (switch) with a thing; beit eigi heldr á en tálknskíði (a piece of whalebone) væri hrøkt um; (2) to spur or whip a horse (eptir þat hrøkti hann hestinn); (3) refl., hrøkkvast, to coil, wriggle, of a snake (undan honum hrøktist ein naðra at Oddi); hrøkkvast aptr, to turn back (G. reið síðastr ok skyldi geyma, at engir hrøktist aptr).

hrönn (gen. hrannar, pl. hrannir), f. wave; dat. pl., hrönnum, in heaps (drepr hann hirðmenn konungs niðr hrönnum).

hrør, n. corpse = hrer.

hrørast, v. refl. = hrøðast.

hrør-ligr, a. dilapidated, ruinous.

hrørna (), v. (1) to fall into decay (of buildings); (2) to wither (tréit deyr, þegar þat hrørnar).

huga (), v. (1) to excogitate, think out (hugat hefi ek mér ráð); (2) h. e-m e-t, to think of, intend, for one (verk hefi ek hugat þér); (3) h. at e-u, to attend to, look after (þá var at hugat sárum Kormaks); h. um e-t, to be concerned about; h. fyrir e-u, to provide for.

hugað-látr, a. engaging, amiable; -liga, adv. amiably, lovingly.

hugaðr, a. (1) courageous, bold; (2) h. e-m vel (lítt), well (ill) disposed towards one; (3) e-m er mest um e-t hugat, one has most at heart (Hafliði kvað þat sýnt, at henni var mest um hann hugat).

hugað-samliga, adv. carefully; -samr, a. gentle, engaging.

hugaðs-rœða, f. sensible speech.

huga-fullr, a. anxious; -góðr, a. kind-hearted.

hugall, a. mindful, thoughtful.

hugalt, adv. carefully (geyma h.).

hugan, f. care, concern (konungr bar hér mikla hugan fyrir).

hugar-angr, n. heart’s grief; -bót, f. comfort; -ekki, m. heart-ache, distress of mind; -far, n. disposition, frame of mind; -fýst, f. desire; -góðr, a. kind of heart; -herði, f. hard-heartedness; -hrœring, f. emotion; -hvarf, n. estrangement; -kraptr, m. strength of mind; -látliga, adv. amiably, gently; -lund, f. disposition of mind, fancy; -ótti, m. fright, anxiety; -reikan, f. wandering of mind; -ruglan, f. wandering of mind; -sturlan, f. insanity; -styrkr, m. strength of mind; -umskipti, n. pl. change of mind; -válað, n. anguish of mind; -œði, f. fury; -œsingr, m. excitement, agitation of mind.

hugat, adv. frankly, sincerely (mæla hugat).

hug-ást, f. heartfelt affection; unna -ástum, to love with all one’s heart; -blauðr, a. cowardly; -bleyði, f. cowardice; -blíðr, a. gentle of mind; -boð, n. foreboding, anticipation, fancy (þat er nær mínu -boði, at); -boðit, pp. n., hafa e-t -boðit, to intend; -borð, n. courage; -borg, f. the breast (poet.); -bót, f. comfort; -brigðr, a. fickle, false (við e-n).

hugð, f., only in compds., hugðar-.

hugða, f. interest, affection; leggja hugðu til e-s, to take interest in, feel affection for one (konungr leggr enga hugðu til hests síns); mæla, rœða af hugðu, to speak from one’s heart.

hugðar-erindi, n. a matter which one has at heart; -maðr, m. intimate friend; -mál, n. = -erindi.

hug-dirfa (-ða, -ðr), v. to encourage; -dirfð, f. courage; -djarfr, a. courageous, stout-hearted.

hugðu-maðr, m. = hugðar-maðr.

hug-dyggr, a. steadfast; -fastliga, adv. steadfastly; -fastr, a. steadfast, fixed in one’s mind; e-m er e-t -fast, one is bent on; -fátt, a. n., e-m verðr fátt, one loses heart; -feldr, a. agreeable; -festa (-sta, -str), v. (1) to fix in one’s mind; (2) to make up one’s mind about; -fullr, a. full of courage.

hugga (), v. to comfort, console; refl., huggast, to be comforted.

huggan, f. comfort, consolation.

hugganar-orð, n. word of comfort; -ván, f. hope of comfort.

huggandi, m. comforter.

huggari, m. comforter.

hug-góðr, a. kind-hearted, cheerful; -gæfr, a. cheerful; -gœði, n. goodness of heart; -hress, a. cheerful, at ease; -hreysti, f. courage; -hvarf, n. change of mind; telja e-m -hvarf, to persuade one to change his mind; -hœgr, a., e-m er -hœgt, one feels at ease.

hugi, m. mind (= hugr); illum huga, with evil mind, ill, badly; hafa e-t í huga, to have in one’s mind, to think of; leiða e-t huga, to consider.

huginn, m. the wise raven of Odin.

hug-kvæmligr, a. ingenious, apt; -kvæmr, (1) recurring to one’s mind; (2) mindful, attentive; -kœmligr, a. = -kvæmligr; -lauss, a. faint-hearted, cowardly; -leggja (see leggja), v. to lay to mind, to reflect on; -leiða (-dda, -ddr), v. to pay attention to, consider; -leiðing, f. reflection; -létt, a. n., e-m er -létt = e-m er -hœgt; -léttir, m. mind’s ease, comfort; -leikit, pp. n., mér er eigi -leikit at, I have no mind to; -leysa, f., faint-heartedness; -leysi, n. faint-heartedness; -lítill, a. fainthearted; -ljúfi, m. darling; (hann var ljúfi allra manna); -maðr, m. bold man; -mannliga, adv. boldly.

hugna (), v. to please; e-m hugnar e-t, one is pleased, satisfied with a thing; impers., mér hugnar vel (illa) við e-n, I am pleased (displeased) with one; refl., hugnast = hugna.

hug-prúðr, a. stout-hearted, noble; -prýði, f. courage, nobleness.

hugr (-ar, -ir), m. (1) mind; í hug eða verki, in mind or act; vera í hug e-m, to be in one’s mind; koma e-m í hug, to come into one’s mind, occur to one; leiða e-t hugum, to consider; ganga (líða, hverfa) e-m ór hug, to pass out of one’s memory, to be forgotten; snúa hug sínum eptir (at, frá) e-u, to turn one’s mind after (to, from); mæla um hug sér, to feign, dissemble; orka tveggja huga um e-t, to be of two minds about a thing; orkast hugar á e-t, to resolve; ef þér lér nökkut tveggja huga um þetta, if thou be of two minds about the matter; (2) mood, heart, temper, feeling; góðr h., kind heart; illr h., ill temper, spite; heill h., sincerity; reynast hugi við, to make close acquaintance; hugir þeirra fóru saman, they loved each other; (3) desire, wish; leggja hug á e-t, to lay to heart, take interest in; leggja lítinn hug á e-t, to mind little, neglect; leggja hug á konu, to fall in love with a woman; mér leikr h. á e-u, I long (wish) for a thing; e-m rennr h. til e-s, to have affection for one; mér er engi hugr á at selja hann, I have no mind to sell him; (4) foreboding; svá segir mér h. um, I forebode; hann kvað sér illa hug sagt hafa (he had evil forebodings) um hennar gjaforð; mér býðr hugr um e-t, I anticipate (eptir gekk mér þat, er mér bauð hugr um); mér býðr e-t í hug, it enters my mind, I think; gøra sér í hug, to imagine; (5) courage; h. ræðr hálfum sigri, a stout heart is half the battle; herða huginn (hug sinn), to take heart, exert oneself.

hug-rakkr, a. stout-hearted; -raun, f. (1) trial of one’s mind; (2) trial of valour; -rekki, f. courage, intrepidity; -renning, f. thought; -ró, f. peace of mind.

hug-ró, f. clinch on a sword’s hilt.

hug-rúnar, f. pl. ‘mind-runes’.

hugsa (), v. to think, think upon; hugsat hefi ek kostinn, I have thought over the terms; h. eptir um e-t, to consider; h. e-t fyrir sér, to ponder over, reflect upon; h. um e-t, to think about; h. sik um e-t, to take counsel with oneself about a thing, consider.

hugsan, f. (1) thought, thinking; bera h. fyrir e-u, to ponder over; (2) opinion (hér em ek í annari h.).

hugsanar-augu, n. pl. mental vision, intellect; -stund, f., -tími, m. time for consideration or reflection.

hugsi, a. indecl. thoughtful, meditative, absent-minded (hann fór jafnan sem h. væri).

hug-sjúkr, a. distressed, anxious; -skot, n. mind, soul; -sótt, f. care, anxiety, concern; -speki, f. sagacity, foresight; -steinn, m. the heart (poet.); -sterkr, a. strong of mind; -stiginn, pp. in high spirits; -stolinn, pp. mad, crazy; -stórr, a. high-minded; -stœðr, a. (1) fixed in one’s mind; (2) vera -stœtt til e-s, to be opposed to one; -sýki, f. anxiety; -sýkja (-ta, -tr), v. to make one anxious; -tregi, m. affliction, grief; -trúr, a. true, faithful.

hugum-stórr, a. great of heart.

hug-veikr, a. weak-minded; -vit, n. understanding, sagacity; -þekkr, a. endeared to one, after one’s heart (-þekkr allri alþýðu); -þokkaðr, pp. well disposed; -þokki, m. mind, disposition, judgement (hefir þetta farit eptir -þokka mínum); -þungt, a. n., e-m er -þungt, one is depressed.

huld, f. giantess, = trollkona.

hulda, f. (1) cover, veil (mikil þoka ok h. liggr yfir eyju þeirri); (2) hiding, secrecy; drepa huldu á e-t, to hide, conceal a matter.

huldar-höttr, m. hood of disguise.

huliðr, pp. hidden, obscure.

huliðs-hjálmr, hulins-, m. ‘hiding helmet’; bregða -hjálmi yfir e-n, to make one invisible.

hulning, f. hiding, covering.

humarr (gen. -s, pl. humrar), m. lobster; humra fjöll, waves (poet.).

humótt, f. = hámót.

hunang, n. honey.

hunang-ligr, a. honeyed.

hunangs-dögg, f., -fall, n. honey dew; -ilmr, m. smell of honey; -lœkr, m. stream of honey.

hund-, in compds., very, extremely; -djarfr, a. exceedingly bold; -forn, a. very old.

hund-gá, f. barking; -heiðinn, a. ‘dog-heathen’, = heiðinn sem hundr.

hund-margr, a. innumerable.

hundr (-s, -ar), m. dog, hound; vera ór hunda hljóði or hljóðum, to have made one’s escape.

hundrað (pl. hundruð), n. hundred; tírœtt h. = 100; tólfrœtt h. = 120; hundruðum, by (in) hundreds; as value, one hundred and twenty ells of the stuff wadmal; h. frítt, a hundred paid in cattle; tólf hundruð mórend, twelve hundred in dark-striped wadmal; hundrað silfrs, ? the silver value of 120 ells (= 20 ounces).

hundrað-faldr, a. hundredfold.

hundraðs-höfðingi, m. centurion.

hunds-bit, n. bite of a dog; -soð, n. broth made from a dog.

hund-tík, f. bitch.

hund-villr, a. utterly lost, quite astray; -víss, a. very wise (hundvíss jötunn).

hungr (gen. -rs), m. and n. hunger.

hungra (), v. impers., e-n hungrar, one hungers; hungraðr, a. hungry.

hurð (pl. -ir), f. door; h. er aptr, the door is shut; drepa á h., to knock at the door.

hurðar-ásar, m. pl. ‘door-beams’; -bak, n. the back of a door; at -baki, behind the door; -bora, f. small hole in a door; -flaki, m. hurdle; -hringr, m. door-ring; -járn, n. door-hinge; -klofi, m. door-groove; -oki, a cross-plank joining the boards of a door (þá boraði A. hurðarokann).

hurð-áss, m. ‘door-beam’.

huttututu, interj., to express shivering from cold.

húð (pl. -ir), f. hide (of cattle).

húðar-þvengr, m. a thong cut out of a hide.

húð-fat, n. a kind of hammock.

húðfats-félagi, m. hammock mate.

húð-keipr, m. canoe of skin, kayak; -lát, n. loss of one’s hide, flogging; -skór, m. a shoe of raw hide; -strjúka (see strjúka), v. to flog; -stroka, f. flogging; -strýkja (-ta, -tr), v. to flog; -þak, n. roof of hides; -þekja (see þekja), v. to cover with hides.

húfa, f. (1) cap, bonnet; (2) vault, ceiling of a church (hann lét penta húfuna).

húfr (-s, -ar), m. hulk or hull of a ship (undir húfinn á skipi).

húka (-ta, -t), v. to squat.

húm, n. twilight, dusk.

húma (), v. to grow dusk (var nú mjök húmat).

Húna-land, n. the land of the Huns.

Húnar, m. pl. the Huns.

hún-bora, f. the hole in the mast-head through which the halyard went; vinda segl við -boru, to hoist the sail; -dreginn, pp. hoisted to the top; -kastali, m. the crow’s nest at the mast-head (á knörrunum vóru húnkastalar).

Húnir, m. pl. the Huns.

hún-lenzkr, a. Hunnish; -megir, m. pl. = Húnar, Húnir.

húnn (-s, -ar), m. the knob at the top of the mast-head; draga segl við hún (í hún upp), vinda upp segl við húna, to hoist a sail to the top.

húnn (-s, -ar), m. (1) bear’s cub; (2) urchin, boy (poet.).

húnskr, a. = húnlenzkr, hýnskr.

hús, n. house (leita nú um hvert h. á þeim bœ); pl. the group of buildings on a farm, = bær; taka hús (pl.) á e-m, to take a person by surprise in his house; at húsa baki, at the back of the houses.

húsa (), v. to build houses, furnish with houses (Uni húsaði þar).

húsa-bœr, m. farmstead, farmhouses; -kostr, m. lodgings, house-accommodation; -kot, n. cottage; -kynni, n. pl. = -kostr; -mót, n. pl. the joining of buildings; -skipan, f. arrangement of buildings; -snotra, f. an ornament on a gable-head or on a ship; -topt, f. house walls (without the roof); -umbœtr, f. pl. house repairs; -viðr, m. house-timber; -vist, f. abode (hann tekr sér þar -vist).

hús-bak, n. back of the houses; -bóndi, m. master of the house; -brenna, f. house-burning, arson; -búnatr, m. house furniture, esp. hangings, tapestry; -búmingr, m. house furniture, esp. hangings, tapestry; -dyrr, f. pl. house doors; -endi, m. house end, gable; -fastr, a. domiciled; -freyja, f., -frú, f. (1) mistress of the house; (2) wife; -gafl, m. house-gable; -ganga, f. ‘house-walking’, visits; -gangr, m. begging from house to house (fara á -gang); -gumi, m. = -bóndi; -göngull, a. making many visits; -gørð, f. house-making.

húsi, m. case (skæra-húsi, scissor case).

hús-karl, m. (1) house-carle, man-servant; (2) pl. the king’s men, his body-guard.

húskarla-lið, n. body of house-carles.

hús-kona, f. housewife, lady of the house; -kytja, f. hovel.

húsl, n. housel; húsla (), v. to housel, administer the Eucharist to one (var húslaðr ok dó síðan).

hús-mœnir, m. ridge of a house; -prúðr, a. = hýbýla-prúðr; -veggr, m. house wall; -þekja, f. housethatch; -þing, n. council, meeting (to which a king or chief summoned his people or guardsmen).

hvaðan, adv. (1) whence; þóttist engi vita, h. veðr var á, whence (from what quarter) the wind blew, meðan ek veit eigi vist, h. G. hinn ríki stendr at, as long as I know not what side G. takes; (2) from wheresoever; h. sem, from what place or source soever; hann siglir h. sem á cr, he sails, whatever wind may blow; h. æfa, from every side (þustu þá borgarmenn h. æfa at þeim); on all sides; hann vann svá, at h. æfa vóru á honum hendrnar, he worked as if he had hands all over him.

hval-föng, n. pl. stores of whale (blubber); -gröf, f. whale pit (where blubber was kept); -járn, n. harpoon; -kaup, n. purchase of whale-blubber; -kálfr, m. young whale; -koma, f. stranding of whales.

hvalr (-s, -ar, and -ir), m. whale; skera hval, to flense a whale.

hval-reit, f., stranding of whales; -reki, m., stranding of whales; -rekstr, m. stranding of whales; -rif, n. whale’s rib; -saga, f. news of a whale.

hvals-auki, m. spermaceti.

hval-skurðr, m. flensing (cutting up) of a whale; -skyti, m. whale harpooner.

hvammr (-s, -ar), m. grassy hollow or little vale (kaus hann sér bústað í hvammi einum).

hvann-njóli, m. angelica-stalk.

hvar, adv. (1) where, in or at what place (h. vartu í nótt, eða h. er þitt heimili?); h. skulu vit á leita? where shall we search?; (2) where, to what place, whither (sé ek nú, h. sök horfir); (3) anywhere; hér framarr en h. annars staðar, here more than anywhere else; (4) in each place (urðu þrjú þing í hverjum fjórðungi ok skyldu þingnautar eiga hvar saksóknir saman); hér ok h., here and there, now here now there; víðast h., in most places, in most instances; h. sem, wherever (h. sem hann fór); (5) ever so, very; h. fjarri, ever so far, very far Off (ek ligg einn í húsi ok kerling mín, en h. fjarri öðrum mönnum); víðara h., ever so much farther (um allt Hálogaland ok þó víðara h.); h. meiri, ever more, much more (ek skal þó h. meiri stund á leggja).

hvarf, n. disappearance (h. Iðunnar); rann hann þeim þar h., he ran out of their sight.

hvarfa (), v. (1) to be turned round; lét hann sér í hendi h. ker gullit, he rolled the gold cup round in his hand; (2) stroll about (fílamir hvarfa um skóginn); e-m hvarfar hugr, one’s mind wavers; (3) h. í milli, to stand between (in the way).

hvar-fúss, a. fickle (poet.).

hvargi, adv. in each (every) place, everywhere; h. er (or sem), wheresoever (h. er þú tekr land).

hvar-leiðr, a. loathsome to all men.

hvarmr (-s, -ar), m. eyelid.

hvars, adv. = hvar es, wheresoever.

hvar-vetna, adv. everywhere.

hvass, a. (1) sharp, keen (h. knífr, hvössøxi, hvasst vápn); pointed, tapering (h. hjálmr); (2) fig., of the intellect, keen (hvasst næmi); of the eyes or sight (hvöss augu, hvöss sjón); (3) sharp, acute; hvasst hljóð, a sharp sound; (4) of wind, sharp, fresh (h. byrr, hvasst veðr, andviðri).

hvass-eggjaðr, a. keen-edged; -eygr, a. keen-eyed; -leikr, m. sharpness; -leitr, a. sharp-looking; -liga, adv. sharply; -nefiaðr, a. sharp-nebbed; -tenntr, a. sharp-toothed; -viðri, n. sharp gale, = hvasst veðr.

hvat (old gen. hvess, dat. hví), neut. pron. I. interrog. (1) what (h. sýnist þér ráð?); h. er þér, Hjálmar? what is the matter with thee, H.?; expressing wonder, what sort of? (h. Øgmundr ertu?); with gen., h. er þat fira, flagða, drauma, fiska? what sort of men. witches, dreams, fishes? h. manna ertu? what sort of a man art thou?; with dat., hann spurði, h. mönnum þeir væri, what kind of men they were; (2) implying an answer in the negative, to what end? of what use? (h. skal rögum manni langt vápn?) (3) how, = hve, hversu; fréttir hann nú, h. liði bónorðs-málum, how the was going on; II. indef. pron. (1) each, every; h. at öðru, ‘each with the other’, everything; þat lið, er honum fylgdi, flýr sér hvat, scattered in all directions; h. bíðr sinnar stundar, there is a time for everything; (2) = hvatki, with the relat. part. ‘er (es)’ or ‘sem’; h. sem or h. es, whatsoever; (3) with compar., ever so much; hann var til hans h. betr en til sinna barna, he was ever so much kinder to him than to his own children.

hvata (), v. (1) to hasten, with dat., h. för sinni, h. ferðinni, to hasten one’s journey; h. göngunni, to quicken one’s pace; h. báli, to hurry on the bonfire; (2) absol., to hasten, speed (h. til skipa, h. heim).

hvata-, gen. pl. from ‘hvöt’.

hvata-buss, m. busybody; -maðr, m. prompter.

hvatan, acc. from ‘hvatr’, at a quick pace (ríða h.).

hvati, m. hurry, haste.

hvatki, indef. pron. (1) each thing, everything for itself (munu þér þá vita til hvers h. kemr); (2) with ‘er’; h. er (es), whatsoever (heill Atla, h. es þik dreymir).

hvat-látr, a. quick; -leikr, m. alacrity, activity (-leikr í orrostum); -liga, adv. quickly (riða -liga); -ligr, a. quick, brisk; -ligt lið, active troops.

hvatr, a. active, brisk, vigorous (h. maðr, h. hugr); neut. ‘hvatt’ as adv. quickly (riða hvatt, sem hvatast).

hvat-ræði, n. quick action; -skeyti, n. precipitancy; -skeytiligr, a. rash, headlong.

hvat-vetna (gen. hvers-, dat. hví-vetna), pron. n. anything whatever; vex þér hvatvetna í augu, everything grows big in thy eyes; var Hrafn fyrir þeim í hvívetna, H. was superior in every respect.

hvat-vísi, f. temerity; -vísliga, adv. rashly; -viss, a. rash, headlong, reckless (maðr hvatvíss ok óvitr).

hválf, n. (1) vault; (2) concavity (of a shield).

hválfa (-da, -t), v. = hólfa.

hváll (-s, -ar), m. hill, hillock, knoll (dalr var í hválinum).

hváptr (-s, -ar), m. mouth, chops.

hvárgi (neut. hvárki and hvártki), indef. pron. neither (of two); h. þeirra, neither of them; neut. ‘hvárki’ as adv., hvárki … né, neither … nor (hefir h. heyrt til hans styn né hósta).

hvárgin-ligr, a. neuter (-ligt kyn).

hvárigr or hvárugr, indef. pron. neither, = hvárgi.

hvárr, pron. (1) which (of the two) in pl. of two parties, hvárir sigrast, which of both (hosts) will gain the day; (2) each (of the two); h. við annan, each to the other; sinn veg h., each his own way; (3) at hváru, yet, nevertheless, however.

hvárrgi, pron. = hvárgi.

hvárr-tveggi, -tveggja, pron. each of the two, either, both; (1) as adj., ór hvárritveggju hlustinni, out of both ears; (2) as subst. with gen., -tveggi þeirra, both of them; with a possess., -tveggi okkarr, both of us; (3) the neut. hvárttveggja, used as adv., both (hvárttveggja karlar ok konur).

hvárt, neut. from ‘hvárr’, as interr. adv., whether, direct and indirect; h. grætr þú? whether dost thou weep (or not)? h. skal ek fara eðr eigi? whether shall I go or not? hann vildi vita, h. hann var í brynju, he wanted to know whether he wore a coat of mail; with the rel. part. er (es or sem), h. er … eða, whether … or (h. er þeir töluðu hér til fleira eða færra).

hvárz = hvárts = hvárt es (= er).

hvé, adv. (1) how, in what manner (hvé fór með þeim?); h. heitir þú? how art thou named?; (2) qualifying an adj. or adv., how, to what extent; h. gamall maðr hann væri, how old he was; þeir vissu eigi, h. fram var, they did not know the time of day; h. nær? when? (hvé nær mun hann heim koma?)

hvégi, adv. howsoever, always with a following particle, er (es) or sem (h. lengi sem, h. viða sem).

hveim, dat. from the obsolete pron. ‘hvar’ = hverr; (1) to whom? (h. eru bekkir baugum sánir?); (2) to any (manni h., or manna h.) h. er (es), to whomsoever (orðstírr deyr aldregi hveim, er sér góðan getr).

hveiti, n. wheat; -akr, m. wheatfield; -mjöl, n. wheat meal, flour.

hvel, n. wheel; á hverfanda hveli, on it whirling wheel.

hvelfa (-da, -dr), v. to upset, overturn, with dat. (hann hvelfdi nökkvanum undir sér); impers., skipinu hvelfdi, the ship capsized.

hvell-mæltr, a. clear-voiced.

hvellr, a. shrill, sharp in tone (h lúðr); hvell rödd, a clear voice; mæla. (tala) hátt ok hvellt, to speak loud and clearly.

hvelpr (-s, -ar), m. whelp.

hvenar, adv. when? (= hvé nær).

hverfa (hverf; hvarf, hurfum; horfinn); v. (1) to have a circular or rotatory motion, turn round (himinn hverfr); with acc. of the place, himin h. þau skulu hverjan dag, they shall wheel round the heaven every day, of the sun and moon; (2) to be lost to sight (h. at sýn); to disappear, vanish (hverfa af himni heiðar stjörnur); e-m hverfr e-t, one loses a thing (Mávi hurfu sauðir nökkurir); síðan hvarf hann þeim, he vanished out of their sight; (3) with preps. and advs., h. af at gera e-t, to leave off doing a thing; h. aptr, to turn back, return; aptr hverfr lygi, þá er sönnu mœtir, a lie recoils before the truth; h. at e-m, to throng around one (þá hurfu þegar at honum allir ok fögnuðu honum); h. at e-u, to turn to, to adopt (h. at e-u ráði); h. brott, to disappear; h. eptir e-m, to follow one; h. frá e-u, to turn away from; gørðu-t far festa, áðr þeir frá hyrfi, they did not moor the boat before they turned away; to leave off (nú skal þar til taka, sem fyrr var frá horfit); h. í sundr, to part; h. til e-s, to turn (go) to one, or to a place (hlæjandi Guðrún hvarf til skemmu); esp. to go to one and take leave (Gunnar hverfr til allra manna, er hann er búinn); to fall to one’s lot, accrue to one (þótti stór heill til hans horfit hafa); h. um e-t, to encircle, surround (h. um hodd goða); h. undan e-m, to be withdrawn from, lost to one (hvarf ríki í Noregi undan Dana konungum);(4) horfinn, pp. (1) surrounded (bœrinn var h. mönnum); vera vel vinum h., to be well backed by friends; vel um horfit, in good condition (þar stóð naust ok var vel um horfit); (2) abandoned, forsaken; heillum h., forsaken by luck; sök h., having lost the suit; heraði h., bereft of a dwelling in the district.

hverfa (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to turn a thing (in a certain direction); h. e-m hugi (acc. pl.), to change a person’s mind; (2) h. e-u um e-t, to enclose with a thing; vera hverfðr útan um e-t, to encircle a thing.

hverfi, n. cluster of farms.

hverf-lyndi, n. fickleness; -lyndr, a. fickle-minded.

hverfr, a. (1) shifty, changeable (h. hugr); (2) neut., hverft, quickly (fara h.; stýra h.).

hverf-ráðr, a. fickle, wavering.

hverfull, a. shifty, changeable.

hvergi, pron. (1) each, every one (hann lét sem hann eigi vissi, hvat h. talaði); (2) adding ‘er’ or ‘sem’, whosoever (h. er þá beiðir); hverngi veg sem (howsoever) hann vill svara.

hvergi, adv. (1) nowhere (hann undi h.); h. annars staðar, nowhere else; (2) by no means, not at all; vil ek h. ara, I shall not go at all; vera h. fœrr, to be quite unable to go; h. nær, far from it (h. nær allir); with compar. (Bergr var þess h. fúsari); alls h., nowhere at all.

hver-gætir, m. ‘cauldron-keeper’, cook (poet.).

hverigr, pron. = hvergi.

hvernig, adv. how (= hvern veg).

hvernin, adv. = hvernig.

hvernug, adv. = hvernig.

hverr (-s, -ar), m. (1) kettle, cauldron; (2) hot spring (hverrinn var bæði heitr ok djúpr); holtriða h., ‘rock-cauldron’, cave.

hverr, pron. (1) interrog., used both substantively and adjectively, who, which, what? hverjar ero þær meyjar? who are these maids? h. á hestinn? who owns the horse? h. er þessi maðr? who is this man? hvern enda? what end? (2) indef. each, every one, as subst., with gen.; manna h., every man; fróðra h., every wise man; h. várr, each of us; as adj., h. gumi, every man; hverjan or hvern dag, every day; as adv., í hverju, moment (veðrit óx í hverju); (3) any (fyrir útan hverja hjálp); (4) with the relat. part. ‘er’ or ‘sem’, whosoever, whichever (þá skulu þeir þegar drepa hann h. sem hann er); (5) with another pron. or adj; h. at öðrum, one after another (hverja nótt eptir aðra); at öðru hverju, every now and then, hverir tveir, every two and two; þriðja hvert ár, every three years (= á hverjum þremr árum); hverr … sinn, every one … his (hverr maðr í sínu rúmi); (6) relat. (rare), who, which.

hvers-dagliga, adv. (1) every day; (2) commonly, generally (eigi var hón margmælt -dagliga); -dagligr, a. (1) every day; (2) common.

hversdags-maðr, m. an every-day man, ordinary person.

hvers-konar, -kyns, adv. of every kind (á -konar lund).

hversu, adv. how, = hvé.

hvert, adv. (1) whither, where (Gunnar sagði þeim, h. hann ætlaði); (2) h. er, whithersoever (h. er hann ferr).

hver-vetna, adv. everywhere (= hvarvetna).

hvessa (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to sharpen, whet (h. spjót); h. augun á e-t, to look keenly or hard at; (2) to stir up, instigate; (3) impers., hvessir (acc.), it blows up a gale.

hvetja (hvet; hvatta, hvöttum; hvattr), v. (1) to whet, sharpen (h. sverð); (2) to encourage (síðan hvatti hann lið sitt); hvat hvatti þik hingat? what urged thee to come here?

hviða, f. squall of wind.

hvika (), v. to quail, shrink, waver (= h. undan); impers., hví hvikar þér svá? why art thou so slow?

hvikan, f. wavering.

hvik-saga, f. idle lale, slander.

hvim-leiðr, a. loathsome, detested (-leiðr bæði trollum ok mönnum).

hvimsi, a. taken aback, discomfited (verða h. við).

hvinn, m. pilferer; hvinnska, f. larceny; hvinnskr, a. thievish.

hvinr, m. whiz, whistling (h. örvarinnar; hvinrinn af högginu).

hvirfill (gen. -s, dat. hvirfli), m. (1) circle, ring; (2) crown of the head (milli hvirfils ok ilja).

hvirfil-vindr, m. whirlwind.

hvirfing, f., hvirfingr, m. (1) circle (of men); setjast í hvirfing, to sit down in a circle; (2) drinking match (drekka hvirfing).

hvirfings-bróðir, m. club-mate; -drykkja, f. drinking bout (in a sort of club or guild).

hvirfla (), v. to whirl, spread (þær ætinþu at h. heyit).

hviss, interj. whew!

hví, (1) an old dat. of ‘hvat’; þá spurði Hallr, hví þat sætti, then H. asked what was the matter; fyrir hví, why, wherefore (fyrir h. biðr þú eigi lækningar?); (2) adv. why? = fyrir hví (hví ertu svá fölr?).

hvíla (-da, -dr), v. (1) with acc. to rest; h. lið sitt, to let one’s troops rest; h. sik, to take rest (þeir hvíldu sik þar ok eyki sína); hvíldr, rested (þeir hafa mœdda hesta, en vér höfum alla hvílda); refl., hvílast = h. sík; (2) to lie, rest, sleep in a bed (h. í rekkju sinni); h. hjá e-m, to sleep with one; (3) to lie buried (til staðarins þar sem Ólafr hinn helgi hvílir).

hvíla, f. bed; ganga (fara) til hvílu, to go to bed.

hvíl-beðr, m. bed of rest; -brögð, n. pl. = hvílubrögð.

hvíld, f. (1) rest, repose (taka h. or hvíldir); (2) pause (þá var h. nökkur á um bardagann).

hvíldar-dagr, m. day of rest, the Sabbath; -hestr, m. relay horse; -lauss, a. restless.

hví-líkr, a. of what kind or sort.

hvílu-brögð, n. pl. cohabitation; -félagi, m. bed-fellow; -gólf, n. bed closet; -klæði, n. pl. bed-clothes; -tollr, m. hire of a bed; -þröng, f. want of room in one’s bed.

hvína (hvín; hvein, hvinum; hvininn), v. to whiz, whistle (örvar hvinu hjá þeim öllum megin).

hvískr, n. whisper, whispering.

hvískra (), v. whisper.

hvísl, n., hvísla, f. whisper.

hvísla (), v. = hvískra; recipr., hvíslast, to whisper to one another.

hvíta-björn, m. white bear, polar bear; -dagar, m. pl. ‘the white days, Whitsun-week.

hvítadaga-helgr, f. Whitsuntide; -vika, f. Whitsun-week.

Hvíta-kristr, m. the white Christ.

hvít-armr, a. white-armed.

hvíta-sunna, f. Whitsunday.

hvítasunnu-dagr, m. = hvítasunna.

hvíta-váðir, f. pl. the white dress worn by those newly baptized.

hvít-beinn, a. white-legged; -fjaðraðr, a. white-feathered; -fyøsa (-ti, -t), v. to be white with foam; -haddaðr, a. white-haired, light-haired (meyjar -haddaðar); -hárr, a. white-haired.

hvíti, f. fair complexion.

hvítingr, m. a kind of whale.

hvít-klæddr, pp. clad in white; -leikr, m. whiteness.

hvítna (), v. to become white.

hvítr, a. white (hvítt silfr); h. á hár, white-haired.

hvít-röndóttr, a. white-striped; -skeggjaðr, a. white-bearded; -skinn, n. white skin, ermine; -váðungr (-s, -ar), m. one dressed in white weeds (hvítaváðir).

hvæsa (-ta, -t), v. to hiss, of serpents (h. sem höggormr).

hvæsa, hvæsing, f. hissing.

hvönn (gen. hvannar, pl. hvannir), f. angelica.

hvörfun, f. vacillation; á h., wavering (var á h. hugr minn of þat).

hvöt (gen. hvatar, pl. hvatir), f. instigation, encouragmient, impulse.

hvötuðr, m. encourager, instigator.

hvötun, f. instigation, egging; ganga at h. e-s, to follow one’s egging.

hyggendi, f. wisdom, prudence.

hyggi-liga, adv. wisely, prudently; -ligr, a. wise, prudent.

hygginn, a. wise, prudent, intelligent (þeir er hyggnastir vóru).

hyggja (hygg, hugða, hugðr and hugaðr), v. (1) to think, believe; hugðu þó mjök sér hvárir-tveggju, they were of different opinions; (2) to guess; fár hyggr þegjanda þörf, few can guess the needs of him that is silent; (3) to intend, purpose (sóknargögn þau, er hann hugði fram at fœra); mæla fagrt, ok flátt h., to speak fair and mean false; mæla hugat (af hugðu), to speak sincerely; (4) h. e-m e-t, to intend a thing for one, to have in store for one (þóttist þann vita, at honum mundi slíkr kostr hugaðr); h. e-m vel, to be well disposed towards a person; h. e-u illa, to be ill pleased with; ok munu þau vel h. (they will be glad), er þau hafa akrinn; (5) with preps., h. af e-u, to leave off thinking about, forget or drop (h. af harmi, heimsku); h. af um leitina, to give up the search; h. at e-u, to attend to, mind, look at; konungr hugði vandliga at manninum, the king looked closely at the man; h. á e-t, to think of (h. á flótta); ef hann á grið hygði, if he thought of any breach of faith; h. fyrir e-u, to look to, take heed to (hygg nú svá fyrir hag þínum); h. til e-s, to look forward to with pleasure, &c. (hversu hyggr þú til at deyja? gott hygg ek til bana míns); h. um e-t, to think about a thing; h. um með e-m, to deliberate with one about a thing; (6) refl., hyggjast, to think; hyggst þú betr gøra munu? thinkst thou thou canst do it better? h. fyrir, to hesitate; hyggst vætr hvatr fyrir, a valiant man flinches for nought.

hyggja, f. thought, mind, opinion.

hyggjandi, f. = hyggendi.

hyggju-leysi, n. thoughtlessness.

hyggnast (), v., h. af e-m, to gain knowledge from one.

hylda (-lda, -ldr), v. (1) to cut up (takit þér Högna ok hyldit með knífi); h. hval, to flense a whale; (2) refl., hyldast, to grow fat, get flesh.

hyldr, pp. fleshy.

hylja (hyl, hulda, huliðr and huldr), v. to hide, cover (hann huldi höfuð sitt); fara huldu höfði, to go ‘with the head covered’, in disguise, by stealth.

hyljan, f. hiding, covering.

hylla (-ta, -tr), v., h. sik e-m, to court a person’s friendship, make friends with; h. fyrir e-m, to recommend one; refl., hyllast e-n = hylla sik e-m; h. e-n at, to pay homage to.

hylli, f. favour, grace (hafa guðs h.).

hylma (-da, -dr), v., h. yfir e-u, to hide, conceal (þarf ekki lengr yfir þessu at h.).

hylming, f. concealment.

hylr (-jar, -ir), m. deep place, pool, in a river (í hylnum undir fossinum).

hyrna, f. point of an axe-head.

hyrndr, a. (1) horned (hyrnd kýr); (2) angular (þrí-, fer-, átt-hyrndr).

hyrning (pl. -ar), f. corner, nook (of a house or room).

hyrningr, m. (1) a horned man (a bishop wearing a mitre); (2) angle (þrí-hyrningr, triangle).

hyrr (gen. hyrjar), m. fire (poet.).

hyski, n. = hýski.

hýbýla-, gen. pl. from hýbýli; -bót, n. bettering of one’s homestead; -brestr, m. home loss; -hættir, m. pl. home affairs, home manners; -prúðr, a. keeping a hospitable house (A. var -prúðr ok gleðimaðr mikill); -skömm, f. disgrace to the home.

hý-býli, n. pl. (1) home, homestead, house (í annarra manna hýbýlum); (2) household.

hýða (-dda, -ddr), v. to flog (= berja húð af e-m).

hýðing, f. flogging (= húðstroka).

Hýnir, m. pl. = Húnar.

hý-nótt, f. night of anxious waiting (?).

hýnskr, a. Hunnish.

hýrast (ð), v. refl. to be gladdened, brighlen up (hýrðist hann skjótt í viðbragði).

hýr-liga, adv. cheerily, with a smiling face (líta -liga til e-s); -ligr, a. friendly, smiling.

hý-róg, n. servants’ slander (quarrelling).

hýrr, a. smiling, pleasant, mild, friendly (h. í viðbragði).

hýsa (-ta, -tr), v. to house, harbour.

hýski, n. household, family.

hæð, f. (1) height; hann hljóp meirr en h. sína, he could leap more his own height; (2) height, eminence, hill (gengu þeir upp á h. nökkura).

hæða (-dda, -ddr), v. to scoff at, mock (h. e-n or h. at e-m).

hæð-liga, adv. mockingly, scornfully (tala -liga til e-s); -ligr, a. (1) derisive disgraceful; (2) contemptible.

hæðinn, a. fond of mocking.

hæð-yrði, n. pl. taunts, gibes.

hæðni, f. mocking, mockery.

hæki-liga, adv. vehemently.

hæl-bein, n. heel bone; -bítr, m. heel-biter; -dreginn, pp. dragging the heels in walking; -drep, n. blow on the heel.

hæli, n. shelter, refuge; leita s ér hælis, to seek for shelter.

hæl-krókr, m. ‘heel-crook’, catch with the heel (a trick in wrestling).

hæll (-s, -ar), m. heel; hlaupa (fara, ganga) á hæla e-m, to follow at one’s heels; hurð felir (lýkst) á hæla e-m, the door shuts (closes) upon one’s heels; fara aptr á hæli, to return immediately; hopa (fara) á hæl fyrir e-m, to retreat, recede before one.

hæll (-s, -ar), m. (1) peg, pin; (2) handle in a scythe-shaft (orf-hæll).

hæll, m. a widow whose husband has been slain in battle.

hæl-síðr, a. reaching down to the heels (-síðr kyrtill).

hængr, m. male salmon.

hæra, f. hoariness, grey hair (skegg hvítt af hæru); fá elli ok hæru, to live to a hoary old age; esp. in pl., grár (hvítr) fyrir (or af) hærum, white with grey hair.

hærðr, a. haired; h. vel, having-fine hair; h. mjök, having much hair.

hæringr, m. hoary (old) man.

hæru-karl, m. = hæringr; -kollr, m. hoary head, a nickname; -langr, a. having long grey hair; -skeggi, m. hoary beard; -skotinn, pp. grizzled.

hætta (-tta, -tt), v. to leave of, with dat. (h. heyverkum); with infin. to cease (h. at tala).

hætta (-tta, -tt), v. to risk, venture, stake, with dat. (L. vildi eigi út h. sínum mönnum); h. til þess virðing þinni, to stake thy honour on it; impers., litlu hættir nú til, there is but small risk; absol., hefir sá er hættir, he wins who risks, ‘nothing venture nothing have’; h. til e-s, to risk a thing (vil ek heldr til þess h. en hitt spyrist áönnur lönd); h. á e-t, to risk (kváðust á það mundu h. at berjast); to venture upon, to trust to (h. á miskunn e-s); h. e-u undir e-n, to depend on one for a thing.

hætta, f. danger, peril; eiga mikit íhættu, to run a great risk; leggja e-t í hættu, to expose to risk or danger (leggja sik, líf sitt, fé sitt, í hættu); leggja á þá hættu, to run the risk.

hætting, f. danger, risk.

hættingar-ferð, f. dangerous journey (= hættu-ferð).

hætt-leggja (see leggja), v. to risk; -liga, adv. dangerously; -ligr, a. dangerous; kölluðu -ligan mátt hans, they said that he was sinking fast.

hættr, a. (1) dangerous (slíkr maðr er hættastr, ef); (2) dangerously ill (vera, liggja, h.); (3) exposed to danger; ekki h. fyrir vápnum, proof against weapons; (4) e-m er hætt við e-u, one is in danger of; var Þuríði við engu meini hætt, Thurid was out of danger; (5) doubtful, uncertain.

hættu-ferð, -för, f. dangerous journey; -lauss, a. free from danger, without danger; -lítill, a. little dangerous; -mikill, a. very dangerous; -ráð, n. dangerous plan.

hœfa (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to hit, with acc. (þeir hœfa aldri dýr); hann hœfði allt þat, er hann skaut til, he never missed his mark; h. til, to aim; svá hafði smiðrinn til hœft, so well had he aimed; (2) to fit, with dat. (hœfðu Kjartani þau klæði allvel); (3) to behove, be meet (eigi hœfir at drepa svá fagran svein); svá hœfir eigi, segir Úlfr, that will not do, said U.; h. e-m, to be meet for one; (4) refl., hœfast, to fit each other, to correspond; spjótit mun h. ok sár þat, the shaft and the wound will correspond; h. á, to agree in time, coincide.

hœfi, n. (1) fitness; vera við e-s h., to fit one, be suitable, convenient (Hrútr fekk sér nú konu þá, er honum þótti við sitt h.); (2) skjóta til hœfis, to shoot at a mark.

hœfi-látr, a. moderate; -liga, adv. fitly; -ligr, a. fit, due.

hœfindi, n. pl. what fits, behoves.

hœfing, f. aiming; gøra h., to take aim.

hœfinn, a. aiming well, good at hitting the mark.

hœfni, f. good marksmanship (Eindriði lofaði hœfni konungs).

hœfr, a. fit, proper; engu h., good for nothing, useless, worthless.

hœgindi, n. pl. (1) relief (for the sick and poor); (2) comforts; snúast til hœginda, to turn to advantage, for the better; (3) in sing., bolster, pillow, cushion (undir hœgindit í hvílunni).

hœgja (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to abate, with dat.; h. rás sinni, to slacken one’s course; (2) to relieve, seek relief for one (var þeim hœgt í öllu sem mátti); (3) refl., hœgjast, to abate (sjór tók at h.); to get smoother (kann vera at hœgist ráðit); impers., eptir allt þetta hœgðist Fróða lítit, F. became more at ease.

hœg-liga, adv. with ease, gently; -ligr, a. easy, convenient; -lífi, n. easy or comfortable life.

hœgr (acc. -jan and -an), a. easy, convenient; ykkr er þat hœgst um hönd, it is most at hand for you; h. byrr, a gentle, fair wind; ekki var samlag þeirra hœgt, they were not on good terms; h. e-m or við e-n, gentle towards one.

hœgri, a. compar. (from hœgr), right; til h. handar, til hœgra vegs, on the right hand, to the right.

hœkil-bjúgr, a. bowed in the knees.

hœkja, f. crutch.

hœla (-da, -t), v. (1) to praise, with dat. (hann hœldi Úlfari mjök); (2) to boast of (sverði hœlir þú tar, en eigi sigri); (3) refl., hœlast, to boast, vaunt; h. e-u (af e-u, um e-t), to boast of; h. við e-n, to boast over one.

hœlinn, a. given to boasting.

hœlni, f. boasting, bragging.

hœna, f. hen (hani ok hœna).

hœns, hœnsn, n. pl. liens, fowls.

hœta (-tta, -tt), v. to threaten; h. e-m e-u, to threaten one with a thing (hœtti honum dauða).

hœting (pl. -ar), f. threatening.

hœtinn, a. given to threatening.

hœverska, f. courtesy, good manners.

hœversk-liga, adv. politely, fashionably (-liga klædd); -ligr, a. = hœverskr.

hœverskr, a. well-mannered, polite.

höðnu-kið, n. female kid, young she-goat (cf. ‘haðna’).

höfða (), v. (1) to cut the head off (h. fisk), to behead; (2) h. mál (sök) áhönd (á hendr) e-m, to bring an action against one.

höfðaðr, pp. headed (h. sem hundr; cf. tví-, þrí-höfðaðr).

höfða-fjöl, f. head-board of a bedstead; -hlutr, m. = höfuðhlutr; -lag, n. bed’s head; -skip, n. a ship with an ornamental prow; -tal, n. ‘tale of heads’, number of persons, etc.

höfði, m. headland.

höfðingi (pl. -jar), m. (1) chief, leader; h. þeirrar ráðagørðar, at the head of that plan; (2) captain, commander (K. var h. yfir þeim her); (3) chief, ruler, esp. in pl., men of rank or authority (höfðingjar ok góðir menn; hann gørðist þá h. mikill).

höfðingja-, gen. from ‘höfðingi’; -ást, f. love for one’s chief; -bragð, n. the bearing of a chief (hafa -bragð á sér); -djarfr, a. frank and bold in one’s intercourse with the great; -efni, n. a hopeful man for a chief (L. þótti bezt -efni austr þar); -fundr, m. meeting of chiefs; -hlutr, m. a chief’s lot or share; -kærr, a. in favour with the great; -lauss, a. chiefless; -merki, n. chiefs standard; -nafn, n. chiefs title; -skipti, n. change of rulers; -son, m. son of a chief; -stefna, f. = -fundr; -styrkr, m. support of great folk; -ætt, f. noble extraction, high birth.

höfðing-liga, adv. nobly, generously; -ligr, a. princely, noble; -skapr, m. (1) power, dominion; (2) authority, prestige; (3) liberality, generosity.

höfga (), v. to make heavy; impers., e-m (or e-n) höfgar, one becomes heavy with sleep.

höfga-vara, f. heavy wares.

höfgi, m. (1) heaviness, weight; (2) sleep, nap (rann á hann h.); drowsiness (sló á þá höfga svá miklum, at þeir máttu eigi vöku halda).

höfn (gen. hafnar, pl. hafnir), f. (1) haven, harbour; (2) fœtus (á þann hátt sem h. vex með konu); (3) coat, cloak, = yfirhöfn (hann tók af sér höfnina ok sveipaði um konunginn); (4) tenure of land (jarðar h.); (5) crew, = skipshöfn.

höfuð (dat. höfði, gen. pl. höfða), n. (1) head (höggva h. af e-m); láta e-n höfði skemmra, to behead one; strjúka aldrei um frjálst h., to be never free, never at ease; skera e-m h., to make a wry face at one; heita í h. e-m, to be called after a person; hætta höfði, to risk one’s life; leggja við h. sitt, to stake one’s head; fœra e-m h. sitt, to surrender oneself to an enemy; drepa niðr höfði, to droop the head; þoku hóf af höfði, the fog lifted; stíga yfir h. e-m, to overcome one; hlaða helium að höfði e-m, to leave one dead on the spot; ganga milli bols ok höfuðs e-s or á e-m, to hew of one’s head, to kill outright; senda e-n til höfuðs e-m, to send one to take another’s head; leggja fé til höfuðs e-m, to set a price on one’s head; leggjast e-t undir h., to put aside, neglect (Þ. lagðist eigi þessa ferð undir h.); vera höfði hærri, to be taller by a head; (2) head, chief (h. lendra manna); Þrándheimr hefir lengi verið kallaðr h. Noregs, the chief district of Norway; (3) ornamental prow of a ship (skip með gyltum höfðum); ornamental head on a bridle (slitnaði sundr beizlit, ok týndist h., er á var).

höfuð-á, f. chief river; -árr, m. archangel; -átt, f. cardinal point; -baðmr, m. the ‘head stem’, agnate lineage; -band, n. head-band, snood, fillet; -bani, m. death, destruction; -bein, n. pl. head-bones; -benda, f. (1) naut. slay, shroud; (2) fig. stay, support; -blót, n. chief sacrifice; -borg, f. head town, capital; -ból, n. chief estate, manorial estate; -brot, n. great dammage, ruin; -burðr, m. ‘bearing of the head’, fig. honour, credit, prestige; e-m er lítill -burðn at e-u, it does him little honour (credit); -bœr, m. = -ból; -dúkr, m. head-kerchief, hood; -faðir, m. protector, patron; -firn, n. pl. great scandal; -gersemi, f. great jewel; -gjarnt, a. n. fatal, dangerous to one’s life; -gjöf, f. capital gift; -goð, n. principal god; -gæfa, f. great luck; -hátíð, f. principal feast; -hetja, f. great champion, chief; -hlutr, m. the upper part of the body, opp. to ‘fótahlutr’; -hof, n. chief temple; -ísar, m. pl. great masses of ice, ice-banks; -kempa, f. = -hetja; -kennimaðr, m. great clerk, ecclesiastic; -kirkja, f. high-church, cathedral; -klerkr, m. great clerk or scholar; -konungr, m. sovereign king; -lausn, f. ‘head-ransom’ (the name of three old poems); -lauss, a. (1) headless, without a head; (2) without a leader (-lauss herr); -leðr, n. head-piece of a bridle; -læknir, m. chief physician; -löstr, m. cardinal sin; -maðr, m. head-man, chief; -mein, n. sore (boil) on the head; -meistari, m. head-master; -merki, n. (1) chief mark, characteristic; (2) chief standard; -mikill, a. big-headed; -mundr, m. ransom; -nauðsyn, f. great need; -niðjar, m. pl. head-kinsmen, agnates; -órar, m. pl. delirium; -ráð, n. chief council; -ráðgjafi, m. chief adviser; -sár, n. wound in the head.

höfuðs-bani, m. = höfuðbani.

höfuð-skáld, n. great poet; -skepna, f. prime element; -skutilsveinn, m. head-cupbearer; -skömm, f. great shame, scandal; -skörungr, m. great and noble person.

höfuðs-maðr, m. head-man, leader, chief (vel til fallinn at vera -maðr).

höfuð-smátt, f. the opening for the head (in a shirt or smock-frock); -smiðr, m. chief builder; -staðr, m. capital, chief place; -steypa, f. tumbling on the head (fara -steypu); -sviða, f. singed sheep’s head; -svörðr, m. head-skin, scalp; standa yfir -svörð-um e-s, to have an enemny’s head in one’s power; -synd, f. cardinal sin; -sæti, n. chief seat; -tunga, f. chief language; -vápn, n. principal weapon; -veizla, f. chief banquet; -vél, f. chief device; -verkr, m. headache; -vinr, m. bosom friend; -vörðr, m. bodyguard; -þing, n. chief meeting; -þváttr, m. head-washing; -ætt, f. = -átt; -œrr, a. insane; -œrsl, n. pl., -œrslur, f. pl. = -órar.

höfug-leikr, m. heaviness.

höfugr, a. (1) heavy (h. steinn); (2) heavy with sleep, drowsy; e-m er höfugt, one is sleepy.

höfundr (-ar, -ar), m. (1) author, originator; (2) judge (rare).

högg (dat. höggvi), n. (1) stroke, blow; ljósta h. á dyrr, to knock at the door; skamma stund verðr hönd höggvi fegin, only a short while is the hand fain of the blow; eigi fellr tré við hit fyrsta h., no tree falls at the first stroke; (2) beheading, execution (leiða e-n til höggs); (3) fig. gap, breach (kom þá fljótt h. í liðit).

högg-fœri, n. the being within sword’s reach; standa í -fœri (við e-n), to stand within stroke of sword; -járn, n. ‘hewing iron’, chopper; -ormr, m. viper; -orrosta, f. close fight; -ró, f. clinch on a sword’s hilt (cf. ‘hugró’); -rúm, n. room to use a sword; -sax, n. a kind of cutlass; -spjót, a kind of halberd; -staðr, m. place for a blow (leita -staðar á e-m); -stokkr, m. chopping-block.

höggu-nótt, f. = hökunótt.

höggva (høgg; hjó, hjoggum or hjuggum; höggvinn and högginn), v. (1) to strike, smite (with a sharp weapon); høggr sá, er hlífa skyldi, he strikes who ought to shield; h. sverði (or með sverði), to strike with a sword; h. e-n bana-högg, to give one his deathblow; (2) to cut down, destroy (þeir hjoggu drekann mjök); (3) to put to death, behead (suma lét hann hengja eða h.); to kill, slaughter (h. hest, búfé, kýr, naut); (4) to fell trees (hann hefir höggvit í skógi mínum); (5) to strike, bite (of a snake, boar); ormrinn hjó hann til bana, the snake struck him dead; (6) with preps., h. e-t af, to hew or cut off (h. af kampa ok skegg); h. af fé, to kill (slaughter) cattle; h. e-t af sér, to ward of; h. eptir e-m, to cut at one, = h. til e-s (hjá eptir honum með sverði); h. í höfuð e-m, to give one a blow on the head; h. e-t niðr, to cut down (var merki hans niðr höggvit); to kill, butcher (I. hefir áðr niðr höggvit brœðr sína tvá); h. e-t ór, to cut out; fig. to make even, smooth (láta konung ok erkibisup ór h. slíkar greinir); h. e-t í sundr, to hew asunder; h. til e-s, to strike (cut) at one, = h. eptir e-m; h. upp tré, to cut down a tree; h. upp skip, to break a ship up; (7) refl. to be cut, hacked (hjást skjöldr Helga); þótti honum nú taka mjök um at höggvast, things looked hard; recipr., to exchange blows, fight (þeir hjuggust nökkura stund).

höggvandi, m. (1) hewer, smiter; (2) headsman, executioner.

högg-vápn, n. ‘cutting weapon’, sword or axe (opp. to ‘lagvápn’).

höggva-skipti, -viðskipti, n. pl. exchange of blows.

högg-øx, f. ‘hewing-axe’, hatchet.

högld (pl. hagldir), f. a kind of buckle (shaped like oo), used to run a rope through with which hay is trussed (bregða reipum í hagldir).

höku-, gen. from ‘haka’; -bein, n. chin bone (hökubeinit ok hakan); -langr, a. having a long chin.

hökul-brœkr, f. pl. ‘cloak-breeches’ (exact meaning doubtful).

hökull (dat. hökli), m. priest’s cope chasuble.

hökul-skúaðr, pp. ‘cloak-shod’ (?).

höku-mikill, a. having a large chin (hálslangr ok h.).

höku-nótt, f. midwinter-night.

höku-skegg, n. beard on the chin.

höld-borinn, pp. born of a ‘höldr’, enjoying a höld’s right, free-born.

höldr, m. (1) a kind of higher yeoman; (2) in poetry, man; hölda synir, sons of men.

hölkn, n. a rough, stony field.

höll (gen. hallar, pl. hallir), f. large house, hall (esp. of a king or earl).

hølzti, adv. = helzti.

höm (gen. hamar), f. ham or haunch (of a horse).

hömlu-, gen. from ‘hamla’; -band, n. oar-strap, oar-grummet.

hönd (gen. handar, dat. hendi; pl. hendr), f. (1) hand; taka hendi á e-u, to touch with the hand; hafa e-t í hendi, to hold in the hand; drepa hendi við e-u, to refuse; halda hendi yfir e-m, to protect one; taka e-n höndum, to seize, capture; bera hönd fyrir höfuð sér, to defend oneself; eiga hendr sínar at verja, to act in self defence; láta e-t hendi firr, to let go out of one’s hands, to lose; taka í h. e-m, to join hands with one; eiga e-t jöfnum höndum, to own in equal shares; sverja sér af hendi, to forswear; af hendi e-s, on one’s behalf, on the part of (af hendi landsmanna); at hendi, as adv. in turn; hverr at hendi, each in turn; felast á hendi e-m, to be under one’s protection; hvat er þér á höndum, what hast thou in hand?; ef honum væri ekki á höndum, if he had nothing in hand, if his hands were free; eiga e-t fyrir hendi (höndum), to have in hand (duty, business, engagement); vera í hendi, to be at hand, at one’s disposal; hafa vel (illa) í höndum, to behave well (badly); hafa e-t með höndum, to have in hand, manage, discharge; hljóta e-t undan hendi e-s, from one, at one’s hand; á h., á hendr, against (lýsa vígi á h. e-m); snúa vanda á hendr e-m, to throw the responsibility on one; fœrast e-t á hendr, to undertake; ganga (drífa) á h. e-m, to submit to one; bjargast á sínar hendr, by one’s own handiwork; selja, gefa, fá e-t í hönd (hendr) e-m, to give into one’s hands, hand over; búa e-t í hendr e-m, to make it ready for one; kalla til e-s í hendr e-m, to lay claim to a thing at the hands of another; þá sömu nótt, er fór í h., the following night; veðr óx í h., the wind rose higher and higher; vera hœgt um h., to be easy in hand; til handa e-m, into one’s hands; ganga til handa e-m, to put oneself in another’s hands, submit to him; ef þat berr þér til handa, if it befalls thee; þá skömm kýs ek mér eigi til handa, I will not have that shame at my door; biðja konu til handa e-m, on one’s behalf, for him; (2) the arm and hand, the arm (höndin gekk af axlarliðnum; hann hefir á hœgri hendi hring fyrir ofan ölnboga); var eigi djúpara en þeim tók undir hendr, the water just reached to their armpits; (3) hand, side; á hœgri (vinstri) h., on the right (left) hand, side; á hvára h., on either hand; minnar (yðvarrar) handar, for my (your) part; (4) kind, sort; allra handa árgœzka, great abundance of all things.

höndla (), v. (1) to seize, capture (h. glœpamann); (2) to treat; h. e-n illa, to treat one ill.

hönk (gen. hankar, pl. henkr), f. hank, coil, loop, ring; sterkar henkr, strong clasps.

hörfa (), v. to retire, withdraw (h. undan); h. fyrir e-m, to give way before one.

hör-gefn, f. poet. woman.

hörgr (-s, -ar), m. heathen place of worship, cairn or altar of stone (hörg hann mér gørði hlaðinn steinum).

hör-hnoða, n. clew of flax.

hörkla (), v. to hobble, walk with difficulty (þat lið tekr at dasast ok hörklar af heiðinni ofan).

hörkull, m. noise, din.

hörmugr, a. afflicted, sorrowful.

hörmu-liga, adv. sadly; -ligr, a. sad, distressing (-lig tíðendi).

hörmung, f. grief, affliction.

hörmungar-læti, -orð, n. pl., -tala, f. lamentations.

hörpu-, gen. from ‘harpa’; -leikr, m. playing on a harp; -skel, f. ‘harpshell’, scallop; -slagari, m. harper; -slagi, m. harper; -slagr, m. striking the harp; -sláttr, m. striking the harp; -stokkr, m. harp-case; -strengr, m. harp-string.

hörr (dat. hörvi and hör), m. flax, linen (af hör eða hampi); dúkr hvítr af hörvi, a cloth of white linen.

hör-skryddr, pp. clad in linen.

hörund, n. and f. (1) human flesh, = hold (milli skinns ok hörunds); (2) skin, complexion; svartr á hár ok h., black in hair and skin.

hörundar-litr, m. colour of flesh (Hel er blá hálf, en hálf með -lit).

hörunds-litr, m. = hörundarlitr; -ljóss, a. of bright complexion.

hös-magi, m. a sheep with a grey, dusky belly; -mögóttr, a. grey on the belly (hrútr h. at lit).

höss (acc. hösvan), a. grey, of a wolf (úlfr hinn hösvi).

hösvast (), v. refl. to approach one wrathfully (h. at e-m).

höttr (gen. hattar, dat. hetti; pl. hettir, acc. höttu), m. hood.