á, prep., A. with dat. I. of place; (1) on, upon, in; á gólfi, on the floor; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring); á sjá ok landi, on sea and land; á bókum enskum, in English books; á himni, in heaven; á jörðu, on earth; hafa lykil á sér,… on one’s person; vera á þingi, to be present at a meeting; vera í skógi, to be out in a forest (of a hunter, robber, deer); þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði,… in Broad firth; (2) in connexion with proper names of countries, esp those ending in ‘-land’, in; á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Grœnlandi, Íslandi, &c., á Mœri, Ögðum, Fjölum; á Mýrum (in Iceland); á Finnmörk, á Fjóni (a Danish island), but í Danmörk, Svipjóð; also before names of Icel. farms denoting open spaces; á Þórisstöðum, á Möðruvöllum, á Fitjum. II. of time; (1) during, in the course of; á nótt, by night; á degi, by day; á því ári, vári, sumri, in that year, spring, summer; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers; var hann á fám dögum heill, within few days; á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time; (2) used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, every spring, summer, &c.; á kveldum, in the evening; þrisvar á ári, mánuði, three times a year, a month. III. fig. and in various relations; (1) denoting personal relation, in, to, towards; bœta e-t á e-m, to make amends to one (personally); sjá á e-m, to read one or in one’s face; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love (hatred) to one; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break a truce on one; (2) with a reflexive pron., denoting personal appearance, temper, look; vera þungr, léttr á sér, to be heavy or light (either bodily or mentally); kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light disposition; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if; sýna fáleika á sér, to show displeasure; (3) as periphrasis of the possessive pron. or a genitive; hann rétti á sér fingrna, he stretched his fingers; fótrinn á honum, his foot; í vörunum á honum, in his lips; stafn, skutr, árar, segl á skipi, the stem, stern, oars, sail of a ship; blöð á tré, leaves of a tree; egg á sverði = sverðsegg; (4) denoting instrumentality, by, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money by duelling; fella e-n á bragði,… by a trick (in wrestling); komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight; (5) with numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, between twenty and thirty; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age; á öðru hundraði skipa, with above a hundred sail; (6) in many adverbial phrases; á lífi, alive; á brautu, away; á floti, afloat; á milli, between; á laun, secretly; á móti, against; á enda, at an end; á flugi, a-flying, in the air; á gangi, walking; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á hleri, a-listening; á veiðum, a-hunting; á beit, a-grazing; (7) used absol. in reference to the air or the weather; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog was on; allhvast á norðan, very strong breeze from the north; gørði á regn, rain came on. B. with acc. I. of place; (1) indicating direction with or without motion, towards, to, on, upon; ganga á land, to go ashore; ganga á skóg, into the wood; stíga á skip, to go on board; á bæði borð, on both sides (of the ship); á hlið, sidewise; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left; stefna á fótinn, to aim at the foot; gekk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to the west; hárit tók ofan á belti, reached down to the belt; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea; (2) in some cases the acc. is used instead of the dat., esp. with verbs denoting to hear or to see; þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away in the firth; with phrases denoting to be placed, seated, to sit, the seat is freq. in acc.; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk; (3) denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat; skera e-n á háls, to cut one’s throat; kalinn á kné, frozen (frost-bitten) up to the knee. II. of time; (1) connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening; á sumarit, every summer; á vetrinn, in the winter-time; the plur., however, is much more common in such cases; á nætrnar, by night, everynight; á morgnana, in the morning, every morning; á kveldin, in the evening; á várin, in spring; á sumrin, in summer; á haustin, in autumn (cf. A. II. 1.); ‘dagr’ is always used in sing. with the art. suffixed; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn; (2) denoting a movement onward in time; er leið á vetrinn (daginn, kveldit, nóttina), as the winter, &c., wore on. III. fig. and in various relations; (1) on, upon, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon; koma á rœðu við e-n, to enter into talk with, to speak with; (2) of colour, complexion, in respect of, in regard to: hvítr, jarpr, døkkr á hár, having, white, brown, dark hair; døkkr á hörund, of dark complexion; (3) denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, an expert worker in iron, metals; fimir á boga, good at the bow; meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in harp-playing; mikill á íþrótt, highly accomplished; frœðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna frœði, a great scholar in history and antiquities; (4) denoting dimensions; á hæð (lengd, breidd, dýpt), in height (length, breadth, depth); (5) denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands; vega á skállir, to weigh in scales; nefna e-n á nafn, by name; (6) denoting manner; á þessa lund, in this wise; á marga (ymsa, alla) vega, in many (various, all) respects; esp. of a language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish; (7) in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he showed no sign of motion; (8) in distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú eðr oxa, a mark … for every cow; (9) connected with nouns, in prepositional and adverbial phrases; á hendr e-m, against; á hœla e-m, at one’s heels, close behind; á bak e-m, at the back of, behind; á braut, away; á víxl, so as to cross, cross-wise.
á (gen. ár, pl. ár, gen. á, dat. ám), f. river; hér kemr á til sævar, here the river runs into the sea, fig., = this is the very end.
á-auki, m. (1) increase; (2) interest of money, yield, profit; (3) reward.
á-austr (-rs), m. abusive language.
á-barning, f. (1) thrashing, flogging (= barsmíð); (2) assault (of the Evil One), temptation.
á-batan, f. = ábati.
á-bati, m. profit, gain.
á-bersemi, f. disposition to accuse.
á-blátsinn, pp. inspired (bók guðliga áblásin).
á-blásning, f. (1) breathing upon (með elds á.); (2) gramm., aspiration; (3) inspiration; á-blástr, m. (1) breathing upon; (2) inspiration.
ábóta-dœmi, n. abbacy, abbotship; -kosning, f. election of an abbot; -ligr, a. abbatial; -sonr, m. son of an abbot; -stétt, f. the rank, dignity of an abbot; -stofa, f. abbot’s parlour; -sæti, n. seat of an abbot; -vald, n. the power, dignity of an abbot.
ábóta-vant, a. n. in need of improvement, imperfect (þar er honum þótti -vant um kristnihaldit).
ábóti, m. abbot.
á-breiða, f., á-breizl, n. bed-covering, counterpane.
á-brúðigr, a. = afbrúðigr; ábbrýða, v. = afbrýða; á-brýði, f. = afbrýði.
áburðar-klæði, n. pl. fine clothes, showy dress; -kona, f. a showy, dressy woman; -maðr, m. showy person, dandy; -mikill, a. puffed up, showy; -samligr, -samr, a. showy.
á-burðr, m. (1) charge; (2) salve, ointment; (3) pomp or bravery in dress (cf. ‘berast mikit á’).
á-búð, f. (1) tenancy; ef land spillist í ábúð hans, during his tenancy; (2) duties of a tenant.
ábúðar-maðr, m. an inhabitant; -skylda, f. duties ol a tenant.
á-búnaðr, m. tenancy (= ábúð).
á-byrgð, f. responsibility; vera í á. um e-t, to be responsible for; vera ór á. um e-t, to be exempt from responsibility in a case; hafa mikit í á., have much at stake; e-t er í ábyrgðum við mik, I am responsible for it.
ábyrgðar-fullr, a. full of responsibility, responsible; -hlutr, m. an object, matter involving risk, a responsibility; -lauss, a. irresponsible, free from risk; -lítill, a. involving little risk; -ráð, n. responisible step; -samligr, a. momentous, very important.
á-byrgja (-ða, -ðr), v. to make one answerable for (á e-m e-t or e-t á hendi e-m); refl., ábyrgjast e-t, to answer for, warrant.
á-bœli, n. tenancy, farm, = ábúð.
áðan, adv. (1) before (löngu á.); (2) a little while ago (Kolr fór frá seli á.).
áðr, adv. (1) already (ek hef áðr ráðit brullaup Mitt); (2) before, heretofore; litlu (löngu) á., a little while (long) before; (3) = áðr en, previous to the time when, before, ere; þeir höfðu skamma hríð setið á. þar kom Gunnhildr, they had sat but a short while before G. came; dóu margir á. þeir kœmi til fyrirheitsjarðar, before they came to the land of promise; (4) until, till (þat var svipstund ein á. stofan brann); (5) sem á., nevertheless, for all that (hón bað hann þat eigi gera, en hann tekr hana sem á.).
áðreifing, f. sprinkling upon.
áðr-nefndr, pp. before mentioned.
á-drykkja, f. the act of drinking to; sitja fyri ádrykkju e-s, to sit over against one as his drinking-mate (regarded as a mark of honor).
á-drykkr, m. a wave dashing over a ship.
á-eggja (að), v. to egg or urge on, to exhort (á e-m).
á-eggjan, f. egging on, instigation.
áeggjanar-fífl, n. a fool or tool egged on by another (hafa e-n at -fífli); -grejnir, f. pl. exhortations; -óp, n. encouraging shout.
á-eggjari, m. instigator (áeggjari glœpa).
áfa, f. disturbance, quarrel, strife.
á-fall, n. (1) heazy sea (dashing over a ship); (2) law term, imposition of a fine (á. sektar); (3) = áfelli, calamity, visitation.
áfalls-dómr, m. sentence of condemnation or punishment.
á-fang, n. (1) laying hands upon, rough handling (varð hann fyrir miklu spotti ok áfangi); (2) mulct, fine, incurred by illegal seizure of another man’s goods; sex aura á., a fine of six ounces.
á-fangi, m. = áfang 2.
á-fangr, m.; see ái-vangr.
á-fastr, a. fastened to, joined to.
á-fátt, a. n. defective, faulty.
á-felli, n. calamity; standa undir áfelli, to be under great hardship; hvert á. jarl hafði veitt honum, what penalties the earl had laid on him.
áfellis-dómr, m. condemnation.
á-fenginn, pp., -fengr, a. intoxicating (á. mjöðr, drykkr).
á-flog, n. pl. brawl fighting.
á-form, n. arrangement.
á-forma (að), v. to arrange about a thing (um e-t).
á-fram, adv. forward, onward; féll hann á., on the face; komst aldri lengra á. fyrir honum um skáldskapinn, he never got any further in his verse making; héldu þeir á. leiðina, they held forward on their way.
á-frá, prep. from, = frá (á. þeim degi).
á-frýja, v. = frýja á e-n.
á-frýja, f. reproach, rebuke.
á-fýsi, f. gratification, satisfaction (oss er engi á. at).
á-fœra (-ða, -ðr), v. to reproach.
á-ganga, f. = ágangr (veita e-m ágöngu).
á-gangr, m. molestation, annoyance, assault, aggression.
ágang-samr, a. agressive.
ágangs-maðr, m. an aggressor (við mína ágangsmenn).
á-gauð, f. barking (at one); abusive language; veita e-m mikla ágauð, to abuse grossly.
á-gengiligr, a. acceptable, agreeable.
á-gengt, a. n., e-m verðr ágengt, one is exposed to ágangr.
á-gildi, n. value of a ewe (ær).
á-gildr, a. of a ewe’s value.
á-girnast (d), v. refl. to covet, lust after (ágirnast e-t = girnast á e-t); ágirnd, f. (1) ardent desire, ambition; (2) cupidity, avarice (hann hafði dregit undir sik Finnskattinn með ágirnd).
ágirndar-bál, n., -eldr, -logi, m. flame of ambition or cupidity; -löstr, m. vice (passion) of avarice.
á-girni, f. (1) ambition; (2) greed, cupidity.
á-girnis-fullr, a. avaricious, selfish.
á-gjarn, a. (1) ambitious (á. ok fégjarn); á. til fjár, covetous; (2) impetuous, eager (kappar ágjarnir ok óhræddir).
ágjarn-liga, adv. (1) eagerly, vehemently; (2) with greed or cupidity; -ligr, a. proceeding from cupidity or avarice (-lig rán).
ágóða-hlútr, m. profitable share.
á-góði, m. gain, profit, benefit.
á-grip, n., in the phrase, lítill ágripum, small of size.
ágæta (-tta, -ttr), v. to praise or commend highly.
ágæta-, gen. pl. from ‘ágæta’, is prefixed to many words to express something capital, excellent; -góðr, a. excellent; -gripr, m. capital thing; -naut, n. fine ox; -skjótr, a. very swift; -vel, adv. excellently well.
ágæti, n. glory, fame, renown, excellence; in pl., glorious deeds (mikil ágæti vóru sögð af Gunnari); gera e-t at ágætum, to praise highly.
ágætingr, m. = ágætismaðr, ágætr maðr.
ágætis-, gen. from ‘ágæti’, prefixed to a great many words with the same meaning as ‘ágæta-’; -gripr, m. = ágæta-gripr; -læknir, m. excellent physician; -maðr, m. excellent man; -verk, n. master-piece; used as an adv. highly, extremely (húsfrú ágætis siðsöm).
ágæt-liga, adv. capitally; -ligr, a. excellent, goodly.
ágætr, a. famous, excellent; ágætr höfðingi, excellent chief; ágætir gimsteinar, noble gems.
á-gørð, f. gain, profit (= ávöxtr).
á-hald, n. (1) laying hold of, esp. in pl., fighting, brawl; verða áhöld með mönnum, they come to a tussle; (2) possession; veita e-u áhald or áhöld, to take possession of; (3) hafa áhöld við e-m um e-t, to be equal to (match for) one in a thing.
á-hankast (að), v. refl. to become entangled.
á-heit, n. invocation, vow.
á-henda (-nda, -ndr), v. to lay hands upon, seize; á-hendr, pp. within reach; þau urðu áhend, they were seized.
á-heyrandi, pr. p. within hearing, listening; at öllum boðsmönnum áheyröndum, in the hearing (presence) of all the guests.
á-heyriligr, a. worth hearing, well soundin; á-heyris, adv. within hearing, in one’s hearing; á-heyrsi, á-heyrsli, a. indecl., verða e-s á., to get to know by hearing.
á-hlaup, n. (1) onset, attack, incursion; gera e-t með áhlaupum, to do a thing, impetuously; (2) leaping, covering (of animals).
á-hlaups-maðr, m. an impetuous person.
á-hlekking, f. (1) stumbling block (drepa fótum í áhlekkingar); (2) error, slip; (3) adversity; á-hleypinn, a. impetuous, vehement; á-hlýðást (dd), v. refl. to give ear to, listen to (á. ummæli e-s); á. við e-n, to agree with; á-hlýðinn, a. giving a willing ear, listening readily (á. um e-t, til e-s); ekki á., obstinate, self-willed.
áhrins-orð, n. pl. words (spells) that come true (verða at -orðum).
áhuga-fullr, n. pl. full of care; -lítill, a. slow; -maðr, a. eager, aspiring man; -mikill, a. eager, vigorous; -samt, a. n., e-m er -samt, one is concerned (about something); -verðr, a. causing concern, serious.
á-hugi, m. (1) intention, mind; e-m er e-t í áhuga, one intends to do a thing; (2) eagerness (ekki skortir ykkr áhuga); (3) mind, opinion (eigi er því at leyna, hverr minn á. er um þetta); (4) care, solicitude, áhyggja; (5) devotion; biðja þeir goðm með miklum áhuga, fervently.
á-hyggja, f. care, concern, anxiety; bera áhyggju fyrir e-m, to be concerned about; fær þat honum mikillar áhyggju ok reiði, it causes him much concern and anger.
áhyggjast (að), v. refl., á. e-t or um e-t, to be concerned about, take care or thought for.
áhyggju-fenginn, -fullr, a. anxious, concerned; -lauss, a. unconcerned; -mikill, a. very anxious; e-m gerist mikit, one grows very anxious; -samliga, adv. gravely, anxiously; -samligr, a. anxious-looking; -samr, a. anxious, careful; -svipr, m., -yfirbragð, n. grave, anxious look.
áhöfn, f. (1) frreight or loading of a ship; (2) luggage.
á-högg, n. slaughter of a ewe (ær).
ái, m. greal-grandfather.
ái-fangi, ái-fangr, m. restin-place (for horses to rest and graze); -fóðr, n. fodder for horses at a resting-place; -vangr, m. = ái-fangr (cf. ‘æja’, to bait, and ‘vangr’, field).
ákafa-maðr, m. an eager, impetuous man (-maðr um e-t).
ákafast (að), v. refl., to be vehement, eager; á. á e-t, to busy oneself eagerly with a thing.
ákafi, m. eagerness, vehemence; með ákafa miklum, vehemently; í ákafa, eagerly, impetuously; the gen. ‘ákafa’ is prefixed to a great many adjectives and to some substantives, in the sense of in a high degree, very; ákafa fagr, very beautiful; ákafa reiðr, very angry, furious; ákafa drífa, a heavy snow-drift.
ákaf-leikr, m. eagerness, vehemence; -liga, adv. (1) vehemently, impetuously; fara ákafliga, to rush on; biðja -liga, to pray ferevently; (2) very, exceedingly (-liga reiðr); -ligr, a. vehement, hot (ákafligr bardagi, -lig reiði); -lyndi, n. a hot, impetuous temper; -lyndr, a. hot-tempered, impetuous.
ákafr, a. vehement, fierce (á. bardagi); þenna dag var veizlan allra áköfust, at the highest pitch; neut. as adv., kalla ákaft á Bárð, to pray to B. fervently; ríða sem ákafast, to ride at a furious pace.
á-kall, n. (1) calling upon, invocation (á. á nafn guðs); (2) clamour, shouting; (3) claim, demand (á. til e-s, to a thing).
ákalls-lauss, a. free from all claims or demands.
á-kals, n. an inportunate, urgent request (cf. kalls).
á-kast, n. (1) throwing upon, casting at; (2) fig., assault (á. óhreins anda); (3) pl. taunts; á-kastan, f. casting upion; ákasta-samr, a. taunting.
á-kefð, f. = ákafi (vægiliga en eigi með ákefð).
á-kefðarorð, n. pl. passionate or violent words.
á-kenning, f. (1) smack, savour (hafa á. e-s or af e-u); (2) slight reprimand (gera e-m á.); á-kenningr, m. = ákenning.
á-keypi, n. right of pre-emption.
á-klagan, f. accusation, charge.
ál-klæði, n. bed-covering, counterpane (sængr með áklæðum).
á-kneiki, n. shame (snúa e-u e-m til ákneikis); -koma, -kváma, f. (1) touch; úfriðar á., visitation of war; (2) hurt, wound.
á-kúfóttr, a. round as a ball.
á-kveðinn, pp. fixed, appointed; ákveðin orð, marked, pointed words; með ákveðnum orðum, in express words.
á-kvæði, n. decision, verdict; með ákvæðum, expressly.
ákvæðis-teigr, m. a piece of field to be mown in a dey; -verk, n. piecework (þat er títt á Íslandi at hafa ákvæðisverk).
á-kynnis, adv. on a visit.
á-kæra (-ða, -ðr), v. to complain of.
á-kæra, f. charge, complaint (bera ákæru á e-n); á-kærari, m. accuser, complainant; á-kærsla, f. = ákæra.
ákærslu-lauss, a. = ákærulauss; -maðr, m. = ákærumaðr.
ákæru-lauss, a. undisputed, unimpeached; -maðr, m. accuser, complainant.
ál (pl. -ar), f. leather-strap.
á-lag, n. (1) esp. pl., álög, impost, tax, burden; (2) visitation, tribulation; (3) law term, additional fine; (4) spell, charm.
á-laga, f. esp. pl. álögur = álag (1).
ála-garðr, m. eel-pond, stew for eels.
álags-háttr, m. a kind of metre, the first syllable of the following line completing the sentence.
álar-endi, m. end of a leather strap; -reip, n. rope of leather.
ála-virki, n. = álagarðr.
ál-belti, m. leathern belt; -borinn, pp. measured with a thong or cord (of a field); -burbr, m. measurement (of a field) with a cord.
á-leiðis, adv. (1) onwards forwards (fóru á. til skipa sinna); vildu snúa á. för sinni, proceed on their journey; fig., koma e-u á., to bring about; víkja á. með e-m, to side with one; (2) on the right path, opp. to afleiðis; snúa e-m á., to convert one.
á-leikni, f. pertness; á-leikr, m. trick; á-leiksi, a. having got the worst of the game.
á-leita (að), v. to molest, annoy; á-leitiligr, a. reprehensible; áleitinn, a. aggressive; á-leitni, f. (1) aggressiveness (á. við e-n); (2) blame, censure.
á-lengdar, adv. for the future (engum friði heit ek þér á.).
á-lengr, adv. (1) for the future, always (þessi illvirki skyldi eigi á. úhefnd vera); (2) furthermore; (3) á. er, as soon as (álengr er hann er sextán vetra).
álfa, f. = hálfa.
álfa-blót, n. sacrifices to the elves; álfa-kyn, n. the race of elves.
álf-kona, f. female elf; álf-kunnigr, -kunnr, a. akin to the elves.
álfr (-s, -ar), m. elf, fairy (hóll er skamt heðan er álfar búa í).
álf-rek, n., -reki, m. dirt, excrements (which drive away the elves); ganga -rek, -reka, at -reka = ganga ørna sinna.
álf-röðull, m. poet. the sun.
á-lit, n. (1) aspect, appearance, countenance (vænn at áliti, fagr álitum, døkkr álits); (2) view, consideration, reflection; með skjótum álitum, without mature consideration; eigi með nógum álitum, inconsiderately; gøra e-t at álitum, to take into consideration; (3) opinion, judgement (at réttsýnna manna áliti).
álita-leysi, n. absence of reflection; -lítill, a. inconsiderate; -mál, n. pl. in the phrase, gøra e-t at -málum = gøra e-t at álitum.
álit-liga, adv. becomingly, respectably, pretty well; -ligr, a. deliberate.
á-litning, f. consideration (á. himnaríkis fagnaðar).
á-líkr, a. like, resembling.
á-ljótr (gen. -s or -ar), m. (1) serious bodily injury that leaves a mark, wilfully inflicted; (2) contumelious language (mæla áljót).
áljóts-eyrir, m. a fine for ‘áljótr’.
álka, f. auk; álku-ungi, m. young auk (fugl þvílikastr sem álku-ungi).
áll (-s, -ar), m. (1) eel; (2) a deep narrow channel in sea or river (eru nú þeir einir álar til lands, er ek get vaðit); (3) germ, sprout of a plant.
álmr, m. (1) elm; (2) poet. man.
álm-sveigr, m. elm-twig; -tré, n. elm-tree = álmr (1).
álmviðar-skógr, m. elm-wood.
álnar-breiðr, a. an ell broad; -kefli, n. a staff an ell long; -langr, a. an ell long; -tíund, f. tithe of the value of an ell; -virði, n. the value of an ell (alin, öln).
álpt (pl. álptir and elptr), f. swan.
álptar-hamr, m. the skin and plumage of a swan; -hreiðr, n. swan’s nest; -líki, n. swan’s shape or form.
álpt-veiðr, f. catching wild swans.
ál-reip, n. rope of leather.
á-lútr, a. bending forwards, stooping (cf. lútr).
á-lygi, f. slander, calumny.
á-lykt, f. issue, decision.
ályktar-áminning, f. final admonition; -dómr, m. final judgement; -orð, n. the last word, peroration; -vitni, n. conclusive testimony.
á-lyktan, f. conclusion, final decision.
á-lægja, a. indecl. in heat (of a mare).
ámátligr, ámáttigr, a. loathsome, unpleasant, piteous.
á-minna (-ta, -tr), v. to admonish; á-minning, f. (1) admonition, warning; the act of reminding one (of something); (2) recollection (á. allra synda).
áminningar-maðr, m. admonisher, reminder; -orð, n. pl. admonition, exhortation; -vísur, f. pl. admonitory or warning verses.
á-mót, n. cofluence of (two or more) rivers (uppi hjá ámóti).
á-munr, a. like (á. e-m).
ámu-sótt, f. erysipelas.
á-mæla (-ta, -t), v. to blame (á. e-m fyrir e-t).
á-mælandi (pl. -endr), m. reprover.
á-mæli, n. blame, reproof, reproach; leggja e-m e-t til ámælis, to reproach one for, or with, a thing.
ámælis-laust, adv. without reproach; -orð, n. reproof; -samr, a. bringing reproach, shameful; -verðr, a. blameworthy.
án, prep. without; (1) with gen.; þess máttu Gautar illa án vera, they could not well do without it; án allrar vægðar, without any mercy; (2) with dat.; án e-s ráði, without (against) his will; án afláti, incessantly; (3) with acc.; án alla flærð, without any deceit; án leyfi, without leave.
á-nafnaðr, a. renowned, famous.
ánauð, f. (1) oppression, constraint; (2) bondage; (3) straits, hardship (also in pl.).
ánauðar-ok, n. yoke of bondage; -vist, f. life of oppression or bondage.
á-nauðga (að), v. (1) to reduce to bondage, to enslave (á. e-m); (2) to oppress; á-nauðigr, a. oppressed, enslaved; á-nauðr, m. = ánauð.
á-nefna (-da, -dr), v. to name, appoint (á. dag til orrustu).
á-netja (að), v. to entangle as in a net (á. e-n e-u); refl., ánetjast e-u, to be entangled in.
á-neyða (-dda, -ddr), v. to force, subject by force.
áning, f. resting, baiting; cf. ‘æja’.
á-nyt, f. ewe’s milk, = ær-nyt.
á-nýja (að), v. to renew.
á-nœgja, v. = nœgja; lát sér e-t á., to be content, rest satisfied, with.
ár, n. (1) year; at ári, next year; telja árum, to count time by years; (2) plenty, abundance, fruitfulnes (þá var ár um öll lönd); (3) the name of the Rune A.
ár, f. oar; draga skip á árum, to pull the boat with oars; þungr undir árum, heavy to pull; draga árar um e-t, to contend for; koma eigi ár sinni fyrlr borð, to be under restraint.
ár, n. first beginning; ár var alda, in times of yore; at morgins ári, um morguninn í ár = árla um morguninn, early in the morning.
ár, adv. (1) anciently, of yore; (2) early (ár um morguninn).
ára-burðr, m. the movement of the oars; koma (ráðast) undir -burð e-s, to become dependent on one; vera undir -burði e-s, to be under one’s protection; -gangr, m. splashing of oars; -glam, n. = -gangr; -lag, n. time in rowing; kunna áralag, to be able to handle an oar.
ár-áll, m. river-channel.
ár-angr (-rs), m. (1) season, = árferð; (2) produce of the earth.
árar-hlumr, m. oar-handle; -hlutr, m. piece of an oar; -stubbi, m. stump of an oar; -tré, n. wood for making oars.
á-rás, f. assault, attack, -áhlaup.
ára-tal, n. number of years; fimtugr at -tali, fifty years of age; -tala, f. (1) = -tal; (2) calculation, reckoning of years.
ár-bakki, m. bank of a river.
ár-bót, f. bettering of the season of produce.
ár-brot, n. inundation of a river; -brú, f. bridge over a river.
ár-búinn, a. early ready.
ár-býll, a. dwelling in abundance.
ár-dagar, m. pl., í -daga, in days of yore; -degis, adv. early in the day.
ár-djúp, n. pool in a river.
á-reið, charge of cavalry, invasion of horsemen; á-reitingr, m. inducement.
á-rennilgr, a. easy to face.
á-reyðr, f., a kind of salmon.
ár-eyrr, f. bar, sandbank at the mouth of a river; -farvegr, m. course of a river.
ár-ferð, f. (1) season (góð árferð); (2) good luck.
ár-flótr, a. fast, swift (of a rowing vessel).
ár-gali, m. ‘the early singer’, the cock, chanticleer.
árgalla-lauss, a. free from failure of crop, fertile. ár-galli, m. failure of crop.
ár-gangr, m. a year’s course, year.
ár-gljúfr, n. pl. steep cliff’s over-hanging a river.
ár-guð, m. god of plenty (the god Frey); -gœzka, f. good season.
ár-hlutr, m. one’s portion of a river (as regards fishing rights).
á-riða, f. smearing, rubbing (cf. ríða á’).
árla, adv. (1) early; with gen., árla dags; (2) in times of yore.
ár-langt, adv., -lengis, adv. for a year, during a whole year; -liga, adv. (1) = árla; (2) yearly; -ligr, a. (1) annual, yearly; (2) early.
ár-maðr, m. steward, esp. of a king’s or bishop’s estates.
ár-megn, n. main stream or current of a river.
ár-menning, f. stewardship.
árna (að), v. (1) to earn, gain, get (á. e-t); (2) á. e-m e-s, to procure a thing for one; á. e-m góðs, to pray for good to one; á. e-m ills, to imprecate evil upon, to curse; á. e-m lífs, to intercede for one’s life; á. e-s við guð, to pray to God for a thing.
árna (að), v. to go forward, to wander (á. úrgar brautir).
árnaðar-maðr, m. intercessor (esp. of Christ and the saints); -orð, n. intercession (of the saints).
árnaðr, m. intercession.
árnan, f. = árnaðr.
árnandi (pl. -endr), m. intercessor, = árnaðarmaðr.
ár-oss, m. mouth of a river.
árr (pl. ærir and árar, acc. áru and ára), m. (1) messenger, servant; (2) pl. angels (ærir ok höfuðærir).
árr, a. early (at árum degi).
ár-risull, a. given to rising early.
ár-sali, -salr, m. precious hangings of a bed (kult ok blæjur ok ársali).
ár-samr, a. fertile (ársamr vetr).
ár-sáinn, pp. early sown.
ár-skyld, f. yearly rent.
ár-straumr, m. current in a river; -strönd, f. bank of a river.
ár-sæli, f. the fact of having prosperous seasons (during one’s reign); -sæll, a. happy in having good seasons.
ár-tal, n. reckoning by years; -tekja, f. yearly rent; -tíð, f. anniversary of a man’s death.
ártíðar-dagr, m. = ártíð; -skrá, f. obituary.
á-runi, m. attack, = árás.
ár-vað, n. ford of a river.
ár-vakr, a. early awake, early rising (árvakr ok ósvefnugr).
ár-vegr, m. = árfarvegr.
ár-vænligr, -vænn, a. promising a good season.
ár-vöxtr, m. the rising or swelling of a river.
áræða-mikill, a. daring, enterprising (cf. áræðis-mikill).
á-ræði, n. (1) attack; veita e-m á., to talk; (2) courage, daring, pluck.
á-ræðiligr, a. (1) likely, probable; (2) daring, dangerous; (3) ekki áræðiligt, not easy to face.
á-ræðinn, a. daring, enterprising.
áræðis-fullr, a. = áræðinn; -lítill, a. of small courage; -mikill, a. daring; -raun, f. test of courage, daring deed; -skortr, m. want of courage; -snarr, a. of great courage, plucky.
á-saka (að), v. to accuse, reproach (opp. to ‘afsaka’); á-sakan, f. charge censure.
ásakanar-efni, n. matter for cen sure; -orð, n. pl. words of reproach.
á-sakari, m. accuser, adversary.
á-samt, adv. (1) vera á., to be together, esp. of married people; (2) koma á, to agree; þau kómu vel á., they lived happily together.
á-sauðr, m. ewe; coll. ewes.
á-sáld, a. sprinkling, fig., of a snow storm.
á-sáttr, pp. agreed, having come to terms (á. um e-t).
ás-brú, f. bridge of the Gods, the rainbow.
ás-drengr, m. short pillar; -endi, m. the end of a beam.
á-seta, f. (1) sitting upon; (2) tenure of a farm (áseta á jörd).
á-setning, f. laying on, putting on (á. stólunnar).
ás-garðr, m. the residence of the Gods; -grindr, f. pl. the gate of ásgarðr.
á-sigling, f. sailing upon.
á-sjá (gen. ásjár), f. (1) help, aid, protection (biðja e-n ásjár); (2) superintendence, inspection; (3) appearance, shape.
ásjá, -ligr, a. handsome, pretty; -mál, n. a matter worthy of, or requiring, consideration.
á-sjána, f. older form for ‘ásjóna’.
ásjón, f. superintendence, inspection = ásýn.
á-sjóna, f. (1) countenance, look; kvenna vænst bæði at ásjónu (appearance) ok vitsmunum; greppligr í ásjónu, ugly-looking; (2) form, shape (andi drottins í dúfu ásjónu).
á-skelling, f. chiding, severe reproof (cf. ‘skella á.’).
á-skeyti, n. attack.
á-skilnaðr, m. (1) disagreement, difference; (2) separation; í tvennum áskilnaði, in two different ways.
á-skoran, f. a pressing request; a challenge.
á-skot, n. shooting at; svá mikil á., at, so hard shooting, that.
ás-kunnigr, -kunnr, a. akin or related to the gods.
á-skurðr, m. carving, in wood or stone (áskurðr ok trésmíði).
á-skynja, a. indecl., á. e-rar íþróttar, experienced, expert in an art; also with dat.; á-skynjandi, pr. p. = áskynja.
á-slátta, f. injury inficted by some one (á. djöfuls).
ás-liðar, m. pl. champions of the Gods; -megin, n. the divine strength of the Gods, esp. used of Thor; -megir, m. pl. the sons of the Gods; -móðr, m. divine wrath (sá hann þá Þór í ásmóði).
á-sókn, f. (1) attack, assault; (2) indictment, accusation; ásóknar-maðr, m. accuser.
áss (gen. áss and ásar; pl. æsir, acc. æsi and ásu), m. one of the old heathen gods in general, or esp. one of the older branch, in opp. to the younger ones (the Vanir).
áss (gen. áss, pl. ásar), m. (1) a thick pole, main beam (in a house); (2) in a ship, yard of a sail (beitiáss); (3) rocky ridge.
ás-stubbi, m. stump of a beam.
ást, f. (1) love, affection; hafa á. á e-m to feel a love for; fella á. til e-s or við e-n, to take a fancy to or for one; (2) pl. ástir, love between man and woman, esp. affection between man and wife (vel er um ástir okkrar, sagði hón).
á-staða, f. (1) assertion, contention; (2) pl. disagreement, discord.
ásta-lauss, a. loveless.
ástar-andi, m. spirit of love; -angr, n. grief from love; -auga, n. loving eye, tender look (líta, renna -augum til e-s); -band, n. tie or bind of love; -boðorð, n. commandment of love; -bragð, n. token of love; -brími, -bruni, m. fire of love, ardent love; -drykkr, m. love-potion; -eldr, m. = -brími: -fullr, a. (1) loving; (2) enamoured; -fundr, m. affectionate meeting; -gjöf, f. gift of grace; -grein, f. kind of affection; -gyðja, f. goddess of love; -gørningr, m. act of charity; -harmr, m. grief from love; -hirting, f. chastisement of love; -hiti, m. warmth of love; ástar-hugi, m. love, affection; ástar-hugr, m. love, affection; -hygli, f. devotion; -ilmr, m. sweetness of love; -kveðja, f. hearty greeting; -kveikja, f. kindler of love; -lauss, a. loveless; -leysi, n. absence of love; -logi, m. flame of love; -mark, n. token of love; -orð, n. pl. words of love (mæla -orðum til e-s); -reiði, f. anger from love; -samband, n. band of love; -sigr, m. victory of love; -snæðingr, m. love feast; -sœtleikr, m. sweetness of love; -várkunn, f. compassion; -verk, n. act of charity; -vél, f. artifice of love (bók -véla, Ars amandi); -þjónusta, f. service of love; -þokki, m. love, affection; -œði, n. fury of love.
ást-blindr, a. blind from love; -bundinn, pp. in bonds of love, deeply enamoured.
á-stemma, f. damming up of a river.
ást-fenginn, pp. (1) love-exciting (-fenginn drykkr); (2) bound in love (-fenginn við Maríu); -fólginn, pp. beloved, dear to one (e-m); -fóstr, n. loving fosterage (leggja -fóstr við e-n; fœða e-n upp -fóstri); -gjöf, f. gift of love, grace; -goði, or -góði, m. darling; -hollr, a. affectionate (e-m); -hugaðr, a. dearly loving, affectionate; -hugi, m. affection.
á-stig, n. treading-upon (slétt stræti til ástigs).
ást-igr, a. dear, lovely; pl. contr. ástgir, ástgar; -kynni, n. hearty welcome; á-lauss, a. void of love, loveless; -leysi, n. want of love, unkindness; -menn, m. pl. dearly beloved friends; -mær, f. darling maid, sweetheart; -ráð, n. kindly advice.
á-stríðari, m. adversary, tempter.
ást-ríki, f. affectionate tenderness hafa -ríki af e-m, to be much loved by; -ríkr, a. full of love (-ríkt hugskot) -ríkr e-m or til e-s, full of love to; -samliga, adv. affectionately; -samligr, a. affectionate; -samr, a. full of love, tenderly disposed towards (við e-n); -semd, f. love, affection.
ástsemdar-frændsemi, f. affectionate relationship; -ráð, n. kind advice; -verk, n. work of love; -vinátta, f. loving-friendship.
ást-semi, f. = -semd; -sæld, f. popularity; -sæll, a. beloved by all, popular (-sæll e-m or af e-m).
á-stunda (að), v. to study, take pains with, = stunda á e-t; á-stundan, f. (1) care, painstaking endeavour; (2) strong desire (hafa á. til guðs); (3) intention.
ást-úð, f. love, affection; leggja ástúð til e-s, to become fond of one.
ástúðar-frændsemi, f. affectionate kinship; -vinr, m. dear friend.
ást-úðigr, a. beloved, dear (-úðigr öllu fólki); -úðigt er með þeim, they are on friendly or loving terms; -úðligr, a. amiable, friendly (við e-n or e-m); loving.
ást-vina, f. dear (female) friend; -vinátta, f. intimate friendship; -vinr, m. intimate friend; -þokki, m. = ástarþokki.
ás-yrja, f. goddess, the fem. answering to ‘áss’.
á-sýn, f. (1) countenance, presence (kásta e-m burt frá sinni á.); (2) appearance, shape (guðs hold ok blóð í á. brauðs ok víns); (3) view, opinion (með rangri á.); (4) dat. pl. used as adv., hversu var hann ásýnum, how did he look?; gen. as adv., minna ásýnar, apparently less.
á-sýna (-da, -dr), v. to shew; á-sýnd, f. = ásýn; ásýndum = ásýnum; ásýndar = ásýnar; á-sýniligr, a. conspicuous, stately; á-sýnis, adv. in appearance, to look at (friðr á.); á-sýnt, a. n. to be seen, visible; ef eigi verðr á., if no mark (of the blow) can be seen; þat er á., it is evident.
á-sœkni, f. aggressiveness.
át, n. (1) the act of eating; eiga át ok drykkju við e-n, to eat and drink with one; kýr hafnaði átinu, the cow would not eat; (2) food (át ok drykkr).
áta, f. (1) eating; góðr átu, good eating; (2) food, meat; sá hafi húð ok átu, er átti, let the owner (of the ox) have the hide and meat.
á-tak, n. (1) touch, touching; svá átaks (to the touch) sem skinn; (2) firm hold or grasp; átök ok sviptingar, in wrestling.
á-tala, f. rebuke, reprimand (veit e-m átölur).
átan, n. eatable thing, proper food (cf. ‘úátan’).
á-tekjur, f. pl. manner of taking a thing (Þorsteini óx móðr við átekjur hans).
á-tekning, f. (1) touching; (2) the sense of feeling; á-tekt, f. (1) = átekjur; (2) = átekning (1).
át-fátt, a. n. short of food.
át-frekr, a. greedy, voracious; -girni, f. greediness of food.
átján, card. numb. eighteen.
átjándi, ord. numb. eighteenth.
átján-sessa, f. a shiphaving eighteen rowing benches.
á-troð, n., átroði, m. treading, upon, trampling (verða fyrir átroða).
átrúnaðar-maðr, m. a believer, a worshipper.
á-trúnaðr, m. belief in (drauma á.); forn á., the old heathen faith.
átt, f. (1) family, race; (2) quarter, direction; see ‘ætt’.
átta, card. numb., eight; áttandi, ord. numb. eighth = átti, áttundi.
áttar-auki, m. increase of the family; -mót, n. relationship; -œxling, f. propagation of kin.
átta-tigir, m. pl., -tíu, card. numb. eighty.
átt-bogi, m. lineage, = ættbogi.
átt-feðmingr, m. a measure of eight fathoms (-feðmingr torfs).
átt-hagi, m. one’s native place, one’s home (í átthaga sínum).
átt-hyrndr, a. eight-cornered, octagonal.
átti, ord. numb. the eighth (átti dagr Jóla; við átta mann).
áttján, card. numb. eighteen, the older form = átján.
átt-leggr, m. = ættleggr; -lera, a. indecl. degenerate.
átt-mælt, a. n. name of a metre, a verse containing eight lines, each being a separate sentence.
átt-niðjungr, -niðr, -runnr, m. kinsman, descendant.
átt-rœðr, a. (1) eighty years of age; (2) measuring eighty fathoms, in height, breadth, or depth.
átt-stafr, m. kinsman, = ættingi.
átt-strendr, a. octagonal.
áttugandi, ord. numb. eightieth.
áttungr, m. (1) the eighth part (á. manna); (2) division of the country (in some parts of Norway).
áttungr, m. kinsman, = ættingi.
áttungs-kirkja, f. a church belonging to an ‘áttungr’ (in Norway).
átt-vísi, f. genealogical knowledge, = ættvísi.
átt-seringr, m. eight-oared boat; -ærr, a. of eight oars (skip áttært).
átu-þýfi, n. stolen eatables.
átölu-lauss, a. undisputed.
ávalt (= of allt), adv. always.
á-vant, a. n. in the phrase, e-s er á., is wanted, needed (einnar mér Freyju á. þykkir).
á-varðr, a. dear, acceptable, only of man in relation to the gods (avarðir goðunum; ávarðr Guði).
á-varp, n. calculation (in round numbers), opinion, estimate (at ávarpi flestra manna).
á-vaxta (að), v. to make fertile or productive; á. fé, to put out to interest; refl., ávaxtast, to increase; ávaxtast með þorn ok klungr, to become overgrown with.
ávaxta-lauss, a. (1) unproductive; (2) fruitless, resultless; -ligr, a. profitable, useful (e-m).
á-vaxtan, f. increase, augmentation.
ávaxtar-samligr, a. profitable; -samr, a. = ávaxt-samr; -tími, m. the time of harvest.
ávaxta-samr, a. = ávaxtsamr.
ávaxt-lauss, a. unfruitful; -samligr, a. = ávaxtar-samligr; -samr, a. profitable, fruitful.
á-ván, f. faint expectation or hint segja e-m áván e-s, to give one some hint of a thing.
á-veiðr, f. river fishery.
á-verk, n. (1) bodily injury or lesion, wound (veita, bjóða, e-m á.); (2) unlawful use of another man’s land (as cutting trees in his forest).
áverka-bót, f. compensation for an áverki; -drep, n. a stroke producing áverki; -maðr, perpetrator of an áverki; -mál, n. an action concerning áverki.
á-verki, m. = áverk.
á-viðris, adv. on the weather side of (áviðris e-u = á veðr e-u).
á-viljaðr, a. inclined to, with inf.
á-vinna (see vinna), v. to gain, make profit.
á-vinningr, m. (1) attainment; í ávinning, at, in order to attain, that; (2) profit, gain.
á-vinnt, a. n. dificult, toilsome; þa mun á. um söxin, then those in the bow will be hard put to it.
á-vist, f. abode, residence; Snorra þótti betra ávistar í Hlíð, Snorra prefered living at Hillside.
á-vita, a. indecl., verða e-s á., to become aware of a thing.
á-vitall or á-vitull, m. hint, intimation, indication.
á-viti, a. = ávita.
á-víga, a. indecl in phr. verða á., to lose most people in a combat.
á-vísa (að), v. to point at, indicate.
á-vísan, f. indication intimation.
á-vít, n. pl. reprimand, rebuke; berja e-n ávitum, to upbraid one.
á-víta (að), v. to chide, rebuke (á. e-n um e-t).
ávíta-laust, a. n. blameless.
ávítan, f. rebuke, reprimand.
ávítanar-orð, n. word of blame.
ávíta-orð, n. = ávítanarorð; -samligr, a. blameable.
ávít-samligr, a. = ávítsamligr; -samr, a. apt to blame, censorious.
á-væni, n. = áván.
á-vöxtr, m. (1) produce, growth, ruit; (2) interest, rent; (3) gain.
á-þekkr, a. similar (á. e-m).
áþéttar-orð, áþéttis-órð, n. defamatory language, invective.
á-þjá (see þjá), v. to oppress.
á-þján, f. oppression, harsh or oppressive rule.
áþjánar-ok, n. yoke of tyranny.
á-þrætni, f. mutual strife.
á-þyngd, f. exaction, oppression.